Lecture 3- Axial Skeleton

Question 1

thoracic cage functions

Answer 1

SMMP
protect organs
support weight of upper limbs
Attachment site for muscles
move for proper respiration

Question 2

bones of sternum

Answer 2

Manubrium
Sternum
Xiphoid Process

Manubriosternal joint

Xiphisternal joint

Costal cartilage

Question 3

Number of ribs and joints

superior thoracic aperture

Answer 3

7 true ribs
3 false ribs
2 floating

sternocostal joints

allows for comms between upper limbs and head and body

Question 4

Vertebral columns functions

Answer 4

SMMP
Protect
support weight superior to pelvic
Posture and locomotion
Flexible axis for body

Question 5

Regions of spine

and IV discs

Answer 5

C1-C7
T1-T12
L1-L5
S1-S5
coccyxs

IV discs are between vertebrae and are symphyses and are shock absorbers

Question 6

Curvature of the spine

Answer 6

Lordosis(curve anterior) and Kyphosis(curve posterior)

Cervical and Lumbar lordosis

Sacral and Cervical kyphosis

Question 7

Structure of vertebrae

opening of vertebrae names

Answer 7

Vertebral body
pedicle
laminae

one is a foramen
two or more is a foramina
all is the vertebral canal

Question 8

processes of spine

Answer 8

Spinous process and tranverse process

Superior articular process
inferior articular process

SAP and IAP form a synovial joint called
ZYGAPOPHYSEAL

Question 9

Vertebral Notches

Answer 9

Superior Vertebral Notch and Inferior Vertebral Notch

allow for space for the spinal cord

Question 10

where are some atypical vertebrae found

Answer 10

C1-C2

Question 11

Atypical vertebrae C1

Answer 11

first vertebrae on the spine
called the ATLAS
no body
transverse process and foramen

superior articular surface(connects with Condyle)

Question 12

Atypical Vertebrae C2

Answer 12

second vertebrae called the axis
odontoid processs
spinous process(splits into 2, bifid)
has a body

odontoid process attaches to Atlas and forms the MEDIAN ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT
it is synovial

Question 13

Cervical region vertebrae characteristics
C3-C7

Answer 13

has a small vertebral body
transverse process and foramen
large vertebral formamen
BIFID spinous process

Question 14

Characteristic of Thoracic Vertebrae
T1-T12

Answer 14

large body
circular foramen
transverse process
spinous process(projects back and down)
Costal facets(for ribs to attack to

Question 15

Vertebrocostal Joints

Answer 15

they are synovial

transverse costal facet

superior and inferior costal facet
for the head of the ribs

Question 16

Characteristics of Lumbar Region
L1-L5

Answer 16

LARGE vertebral body
small foramen

flat spinous process

Question 17

characteristics of sacral and coccyx
S1-S5 and Co1-Co4

Answer 17

the sacrum is fused together
sacral foramina, not foramen or column
anterior is smooth posterior is rough

coccyx is completely fused

Question 18

Crests on Sacrum and other parts of spine

Answer 18

M.I.L deals
Median Sacral Crest
Intermediate Sacral crest
Lateral Sacral Crest

Question 19

Vertebral ARCHES ligaments

Answer 19

ligamentum flavuM
yellow, thick in lumbar region
unite laminae of vertebrae

Supraspinous ligaments
-LIMITS FLEXION

Interspinous ligaments
-LIMITS EXTENSION

inter transverse ligaments
- LIMITS LATERAL FLEXION

Question 20

Ligaments in cervical spine

and their functions

Answer 20

Nuchal Ligament

P.U.L.S
provide attachment for muscles
limit extension of flexion
stabilize joints
Unites spinous and transverse processes, laminae, and vertebral bodies

Question 21

ligaments on vertebral bodies

Answer 21

anterior longitudinal ligament
anterior side of vertebral bodies
- LIMITES EXTENSION

posterior longitudinal ligament
attached to the IV discs, less of body
-LIMITS FLEXION