Lecture 3 - Anatomy of Mediastinum

Question 1

What is the thoracic inlet “bounded” by?

Answer 1

rib 1
T1 vertebra
jugular notch

Question 2

Where is the transverse thoracic plane?

Answer 2

Between sternal angle and T4/5 inter-vertebral disc

Question 3

Where would you find the thoracic duct?

Answer 3

Medial to the azygous vein on the right hand side of the posterior mediastinum

Question 4

At what level is the carina of the trachea?

Answer 4

level of the sternal angle (trachea is in the superior mediastinum)

Question 5

Which part of the aorta is in the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 5

thoracic/descending

Question 6

At what level is the arch of the aorta?

Answer 6

level of the sternal angle

Question 7

Name the branches of the thoracic aorta’s anterior surface?

Answer 7

bronchial arteries 
oesophageal arteries 
mediastinal arteries 
pericardial arteries 
phrenic arteries

Question 8

What is the name of the start of the thoracic duct?

Answer 8

Cisterna chyli

Question 9

Where does the thoracic duct drain?

Answer 9

left venous angle

Question 10

Which branch (R or L) of the vagus nerve breaks off in the neck?

Answer 10

Right recurrent laryngeal branch of the right vagus nerve - - hooks under R subclavian artery

Question 11

Where does the L recurrent laryngeal branch go?

Answer 11

hooks under the arch of the aorta

Question 12

What is the most common access point in central venous cathetherisation?

Answer 12

femoral vein

Question 13

What do the anterior rami of C 3,4, & 5 combine to make?

Answer 13

Phrenic nerve

Question 14

Where does the phrenic nerve supply with somatic motor innervation?

Answer 14

diaphragm

Question 15

Where does the phrenic nerve supply with somatic sensory innervation?

Answer 15

mediastinal parietal pleura
fibrous pericardium
diaphragmatic parietal pleura
diaphragmatic parietal peritoneum

Question 16

What kinds of nerves does the Vagus nerve contain?

Answer 16

somatic sensory
somatic motor
autonomic parasympathetic

Question 17

What do the recurrent laryngeal branches supply?

Answer 17

pharynx and larynx

Question 18

Once the vagus nerves have given off their recurrent laryngeal branches, what do they contain?

Answer 18

ONLY parasympathetic fibres

Question 19

What makes up the supraclaviular nerves?

Answer 19

anterior rami of C3 and 4

Question 20

Where do the supraclaviculaar nerves supply?

Answer 20

supply the shoulder tip dermatome and enter the spinal cord at the same levels as the phrenic nerves

Question 21

Is the oesophagus posterior to the trachea?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

Which vein is involved in the musculo-venous pump?

Answer 22

great saphenous vein

Question 23

Which arteries are used for arterial access to the heart?

Answer 23

radial artery
subcavian artery
femoral artery

Question 24

Which veins are used for central venous access to the right side of the heart?

Answer 24

Femoral vein

Internal jugular vein