Lecture 3 - Anatomy

Question 1

Central nervous system

Answer 1

Comprised of the brain and the spinal cord, receives sensory information and controls the body’s responses.

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

Connects the CNS to sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. Its comprised of 2 divisions: somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.

Question 3

Somatic nervous system

Answer 3

Interacts with the external environment and is responsible for voluntary movement.

Question 4

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 4

Regulates the body’s internal environment.

Question 5

CNS afferent nerves

Answer 5

Carry signals from the skin, muscles, joints, eyes, ears to the CNS.

Question 6

CNS efferent nerves

Answer 6

Carry motor signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles.

Question 7

PNS afferent nerves

Answer 7

Carry sensory signals from internal organs to the CNS.

Question 8

PNS efferent nerves

Answer 8

Carry motor signals from CNS to internal organs.

Question 9

The autonomic nervous system has 2 kinds of efferent nerves

Answer 9

Sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves.

Question 10

Sympathetic nerves

Answer 10

Autonomic motor nerves that project from the CNS in the lumbar (small of back) and thoratic (chest area) to regions of the spinal cord.

Question 11

Parasympathetic nerves

Answer 11

Autonomic motor nerves that project from the brain and sacral (lower back) region of the spinal cord.

Question 12

Meninges

Answer 12

Protective membrane covering the brain and the spinal cord.

Question 13

The 3 meninges

Answer 13

1- Dura matter (outside layer)
2- Arachnoid membrane (inside dura matter)
3- Subarachoid space (beneath the arachnoid membrane is a space which contains large blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid)

Question 14

Blood-brain barrier

Answer 14

Impedes the passage of many toxic substances from the blood to the brain.

Question 15

2 types of cells of the nervous system

Answer 15

Neurons and glial cells

Question 16

Four main functions of glial cells

Answer 16

1-Surround neurons and hold them in place
2- Supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons
3- Insulate neurons
4- Destroy and remove dead neurons

Question 17

Schwann cells

Answer 17

Produce myelin around axons and can give axonal regeneration after damage.

Question 18

Microgolia

Answer 18

Respond to injury or disease by multiplying, engulfing cellular debris and triggering inflammatory response.

Question 19

Astrocytes

Answer 19

Play a role in allowing the passage of some chemicals from the blood into the CNS neurons and blocking other chemicals.

Question 20

5 major divisions of the brain

Answer 20

1- Myelelencephalon
2- Metencephaton
3- Telencephalon
4- Diencephalon
5- Mesencephalon

Question 21

4 brain lobes

Answer 21

1- Frontal
2- Parietal
3- Temporal
4- Occipital

Question 22

Frontal lobe

Answer 22

Associated with reasoning, motor skills, higher level cognition and expressive language

Question 23

Parietal

Answer 23

Associated with processing tactile sensory information

Question 24

Temporal

Answer 24

Associated with interpreting sounds and language

Question 25

Occipital

Answer 25

Associated with interpreting visual stimuli and information