Lecture 3

Question 1

tight circling is associated with what lesions

Answer 1

cerebellar/vestibular

Question 2

bigger circling are associated with what type of lesions

Answer 2

supratentorial

Question 3

kyphotic

Answer 3

dorsal curvature of the spine

Question 4

scoliosis

Answer 4

lateral curvature of she spine

Question 5

ventral neck flexion is caused by what?

Answer 5

neck pain, myopathy, myasthenia gravis, thiamine deficiency, organophosphate, hyperthyroidism, ethylene glycol, electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, phos)

Question 6

ataxia

Answer 6

lack of an axis - failure of muscular coordination

Question 7

3 types of ataxa

Answer 7

vestibular ataxia (falling leaning)
cerebellar - hypermetria
proprioceptive/sensory/ataxia - wide bsae crossing over, swaying

Question 8

cerebellar ataxia

Answer 8

disease of cerebbellum or spinocerebellar tracts of the spinal cord

Question 9

step distance

Answer 9

distance between the 2 thoracic limbs or the pelvic limbs when both on the floor

Question 10

increases in step distance can indicate what

Answer 10

UMN lesions

Question 11

decreases in step distances can indicate what?

Answer 11

LMN lesion or pain

Question 12

2 engine gait

Answer 12

decreased step distance in the front (LMN) and increased step distance in the pelvic (UMN)

Question 13

paresis

Answer 13

weakness ata gait; partial loss of voluntary movement

Question 14

most common manifestations of paresis

Answer 14

slow shuffling gait, dragging, knuckling of the paw, collapse, falling, exercise intolerance, unable to support weight

Question 15

less common manifestations of paresis

Answer 15

difficulty rising, inability to jump, climb stairs, unable to maintain squatting position, decreased ROM, bunny hopping

Question 16

paraparesis

Answer 16

both pelvic limbs

Question 17

tetraparesis

Answer 17

weakness in all four limbs

Question 18

hemiparesis

Answer 18

weakness in the thoracic and pelvic limbs on one side

Question 19

monoparesis

Answer 19

weakness in one limb

Question 20

plegic

Answer 20

no voluntary motor

Question 21

central cord syndrome

Answer 21

CP deficits in just the front limbs

Question 22

increased reflexes

Answer 22

UMN lesions

Question 23

decreased reflexes

Answer 23

LMN

Question 24

cutaneous trunci reflex - if there is a cutoff

Answer 24

lesion is 1-2 spinal cord segments cranial to cutoff

Question 25

cutaneous trunci reflex - if one side regardless of where you pinch

Answer 25

efferent problem on the side that doesn’t respond (C8-T1) cord segments and nerve roots, lateral thoracic nerve

Question 26

ptosis

Answer 26

droopy upper eyelid

Question 27

ventrolateral resting strabismus

Answer 27

CN 3 problem

Question 28

horners syndrom

Answer 28

miosis, elevated third eyelid, ptosis, enopthalmos (retracted eyeball)

Question 29

sympathetic neural pathway associated with horner’s syndrome

Answer 29

1st order cell body - hypothalamus
2nd order cell body (precanglionic T1-2 spinal cord segmetns
3rd order cell body (post ganglionic )

Question 30

structures innervated sympathetic system to the eye

Answer 30

dilator muscles of the puple
periorbital smooth muscles
third eyelid 
eyelid (mullersem uscle)
blood vessels within and around the eyes

Question 31

causes of miosis

Answer 31

increased parasymp tone
severe cerebrocorticol disease
decreased sympathetic syndrome

Question 32

causes of mydriasis

Answer 32

increased symp (phenylephrine
decreased parasymp tone (atropine)