Lecture 3

Question 1

Titration Curve

Answer 1

Acetic Acid (weak) CH3COOH (99%) –> CH3COO- + H+
CH3COO- = acetate = conjugate base
When adding OH-, it combines with H+ to form water, additionally COOH is falling apart into COO- and H+. This is the reason why it’s slowly rising. AKA law of max action.
Whenever u have a chemical reaction, u add reactants on one side or removal of products, then u shift the reaction to the right side.
When u add a lot of reactants on the right side, u will shift the reaction to the left side.

Question 2

half-equivalent point

Answer 2

50% of acetic acid dissociated.

Question 3

Equivalence point

Answer 3

all acid converted to conjugate base (100 % dissociation). From then onwards, ph rises rapidly. (no more protons around)

Question 4

What acts as a buffer?

Answer 4

Acetic acids, because it buffers all these OH ions. But it only works in one direction.
Can’t have strong acid or base

Question 5

Buffers

Answer 5

Buffer make the overall solution resistant to pH change, coz they react with both added bases and acids.

Question 6

Why is buffer important?

Answer 6

• important for chemical reaction to take place

- important for stability of proteins

Question 7

Law of mass action

Answer 7

• Buffer

- addition of reactants accelerates the reaction; removal of products acceleration the reaction (towards the right side)

Question 8

Octane

Answer 8

• found in gasoline, derived from plants, nonpolar covalent bond

Question 9

6 functional groups commonly attached to C:

Answer 9

• hydroxyl
• phosphate
• sulfhydryl
• amino
• carbonyl
• carboxyl

Question 10

Macromolecules

Answer 10

• proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates
  exception: lipids (smaller in size)
• made the same way in all living organisms, same proportions (coz same ancestor)

Question 11

Polymerization

Answer 11

• bonding tgt of monomers

Question 12

Two types of polymerization

Answer 12

• condensation

- hydrolysis

Question 13

Condensation

Answer 13

• monomer in, water out
• building the polymer
  Ex. Making proteins, DNA, RNA, long sugar polymers, require energy input, call it polarization or condensation
  Anabolic (require energy input)

Question 14

Hydrolysis

Answer 14

• water in, monomer out
• Breaking down polymer
  All these reactions are releasing energy
  Ex. Eating food, break down proteins, carbs, further processed by metabolism
  Catabolic

Question 15

Collagen (protein)

Answer 15

find in tendons that connects bonds to mussels, rope like

Question 16

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Answer 16

drinking

Question 17

Deoxy ribonuclease

Answer 17

cuts DNA

Question 18

Proteins

Answer 18

• polymers of amino acids

- folding is crucial to the function of a protein (influenced largely by sequence of amino acids (primary structure))

Question 19

Side Chain - amino acid

Answer 19

• identifies structure, variability lies

Question 20

Amin acids

Answer 20

• amino group is start

- carboxyl is the end