Lecture 3

Question 1

Bunker Hill

Answer 1

Who: Israel Putnam/ Artemas Ward(AM) Vs. Thomas Gage (BRIT)
What: Am. tries to force Brit out of Boston/ Israel Putnam plants artillery on Breeds Hill. First time British Army retreats. AM is low on Ammo (13 rounds per person-Don’t shoot until you see white of eyes) Brit navy flanks Am, Stopping supplie line
When:June 17, 1775
Where: Boston- Breeds Hill (called Bunker Hill though)
HS: Americans showed that they could hold their own against the British Army. It showed that this was going to turn into a long drawn out war. America would not give up easily. Brits took 50% casualties. Thomas Gage is fired. William Howe took his place. Psychology of Bunker Hill.

Question 2

William Howe

Answer 2

Who: 
What: Took place of Thomas Gage. Made deal with GW that if he let his troops leave Boston, then he won't burn Boston. Howe then goes to NY to seal off NY from New England. Defeated GW at the Battle of Brooklyn Heights(August 27, 1776)
When: 
Where:
HS:

Question 3

Johnny Burgoyne

Answer 3

Who: 
What: 
When: 
Where: 
HS:

Question 4

Henry Clinton

Answer 4

Who:
What: Took command after Howe was fired. Commander of the British Army. Led troops to battle in Monmouth and 
When 
Where:
HS:

Question 5

Monmouth

Answer 5

Who:Henry Clinton/ Cornwallis(BRIT) Vs. G. Washinton Vs. Charles Lee(AM)
What:Largest Battle to date. Many dies of Heat stroke. GW finest hour. Black troops are used on both sides.
Molly Pitcher- first Rosy the Riveter. Took place of husband and helped fire cannons. Battle ended in a draw at night and next day British had retreated to continue march to NY
When: June 28, 1778
Where:NJ
HS: AM hold their own making the Brits realize that they are becoming more effective in tactics and discipline

Question 6

Fort Ticonderoga

Answer 6

Who: Major William Delaplace(BRITS) vs. Colonel Ethan Allen and Colonel Benedict Arnold(AM) (Green Mountain Boys of Vermont)
What: Allen and Arnold command together (80 men). They rush side entrance into the fort. British hold Fort. Arnold and Allen take fort before Brits wake up. Take Delaplace
When: May 10, 1775
Where: Lake Champlain NY
HS: Beginning of Benedict Arnold’s successes. Fort had an arsenal of artillery. The cannons are transported back to Boston that GW uses to force British to surrender.

Question 7

Benedict Arnold

Answer 7

Who: 
What: Marches to Quebec to get them to join the AM cause. He showed overwhelming leadership and laid siege to Quebec. Helps with command in Ft Ticonderoga.
When: 
Where: 
HS:

Question 8

Ethan Allen

Answer 8

Who: 
What: 
When: 
Where: 
HS:

Question 9

Henry Knox

Answer 9

Who: 
What: Sent By GW to from Boston to get artillery(Ft Ticonderoga) to Boston. Will force Britain to yield. Bookkeeper before becoming a general. GW saw something special in him and he knew a lot about artillery.
When: 
Where: 
HS:

Question 10

Saratoga

Answer 10

Who: Burgoyne and Fraiser (BRIT) Vs. Gates and Arnold( AM)
What: Arnold goes against Gates. Most important battle of American Revolution. British was trying to control upstate NY
When: Sept 19 - Oct 17, 1777
Where:
HS: Proved America could Win. French decided to join the war effort.

Question 11

Thomas Paine

Answer 11

Who: 
What: Wrote Common Sense Wanted to create a Republic and independence from the British Empire. says that "George III is the ruling Brute of England." He also gave a warning about national debt could be used as a bond, but when debt gets too large it becomes too large of a bond
When: January 1776
Where: Philadelphia
HS:

Question 12

Common Sense

Answer 12

Who: Thomas Paine
What: Thomas Paine wrote. To be able to make affordable, he gave all the proceeds to the publishers. Most Important book ever written in America. Takes all ideas at the time and puts into book to show why America needs independence in a republic. It makes no sense for Britain to rule America. sold over 100,000 copies in America.
When: January 1776
Where: Philadelphia
HS: Brought about a stronger need for independence from Britain.

Question 13

Richard Henry Lee

Answer 13

Who:
What: He made a motion to the Continental Congress to move that American Colonies should be free and independent states
When: June??
Where:
HS: Made the Continental Congress discuss for a month+ Whether they should be free. At the end when the motion is passed the bill that is the Declaration of independence.

Question 14

Declaration of Independence

Answer 14

Who: Thomas Jefferson wrote it. 
What: 
When: July 2, 1776( this bill is passed) the Document is ready for signatures July 4, 1776
Where: 
HS:

Question 15

Henry Clinton

Answer 15

British general who coordinated with Benedict Arnold to attempt to capture West Point in 1780. Sends a spy “John Anderson” (John Andre) to receive plans from Arnold.

Question 16

Guildford Courthouse

Answer 16

Who: Nathaniel Green(AM) Vs. Cornwallis(Brit)
What: Greene is in charge of the Militia and knows that they can not stand a bayonet charge so he creates a plan to have them retreat so the Calvary (Who were hiding) could take charge then.
When: March 15, 1781
Where: North Carolina
HS:

Question 17

Hessians

Answer 17

Who: People (missionaries) from German States
What: Cornwallis hired them to keep watch during winter months to make sure GW and his troops did not come back to attack
When: December 14, 1776
Where: Trenton, New Jersey
HS:

Question 18

Treaty of Paris 1783

Answer 18

Who: John Adams, John Jay, Benjamin Franklin
What: American Ambassadors to sign treaty to end the war in America keeping in mind not to trust the French. Goal was to have Britain recognize American independence, make sure British recognized American boundaries: Atlantic = East. Mississippi river = West. Great Lakes = North. British Florida = South.
When: Signed September 3, 1783
Where: Paris
HS: American independence. Agreement sows seeds for future conflict as American borders come into conflict with Spanish, as they did not want U.S. independence. U.S. would encourage the states to repay their debts to British merchants and protect lives and property of Loyalists - which becomes a problem under the Articles of Confederation.

Question 19

Battle of the Chesapeake

Answer 19

Who: French leader Comte de Grasse and British leader Thomas Graves
What: French Navy arrives before the British and ends up miraculously defeating the British.
When: September 5, 1781
Where: Chesapeake Bay
HS: French beat the British Navy. Forces Cornwallis to Surrender.

Question 20

Yorktown

Answer 20

Who: British - General Charles Cornwallis, Brig. General Charles O’Hara. Americans: George Washington, General Comte de Rochambeau, and Marquis de Lafayette.
What: Cornwallis is hoping to find success in Virginia, Benedict Arnold is sent ahead to recruit any Loyalists/deserters. Arrival of Rochambeau promised Washington that French Navy would come. Lafayette is moving south from Maryland to isolate Cornwallis.
When: September 28 - October 1781
Where: Yorktown, Virginia
HS: Cornwallis surrenders and the American Revolution comes to an end.

Question 21

Nathaniel Greene

Answer 21

Who:
What: battle of Guildford Courthouse?? He puts militia out there, but has already planned the retreat in the battle. He hid the Calvary off in the flanks so when British advance, the militia runs away and the continental line was waiting for them.
When: Battle of Guildford Courthouse March 15, 1781
Where: North Carolina
HS:

Question 22

Guildford Courthouse

Answer 22

Who: Nathaniel Green(AM) Vs. Cornwallis(Brit)
What: Greene 
When: 
Where: 
HS:

Question 23

Battle of Cowpens

Answer 23

Who: British: Lt. Colonel Banastre Tartleton. Americans: Brig. General Daniel Morgan and Lt. Colonel William Washington
What: Calvary battle. American victory and Tartleton loses portion of the British cavalry
When: January 17, 1781
Where: South Carolina
HS: Loss of cavalry cannot provide scouting for Cornwallis.

Question 24

Battle of Guilford Courthouse

Answer 24

Who: British: Lt. General Charles Cornwallis and Brig. General Charles O’Hara. Americans: Major General Nathaniel Greene and Lt. Colonel William Washington
What: British defeat the Americans but the loss of British soldiers are high.
When: March 15, 1781
Where: North Carolina
HS: Heavy loss of British soldiers ends up becoming an American victory.

Question 25

Battle of King’s Mountain

Answer 25

Who: British: Major Patrick Fergson. Americans: John Sevier
What: American victory in the Southern theater.
When: October 7, 1780
Where: South Carolina
HS: Breaks British Loyalist support. General Nathaniel Green is appointed to replace Gage in the South.

Question 26

Battle of Camden

Answer 26

Who: British: General Cornwallis and Lt. Colonel Tartleton. Americans: General Horatio Gates
What: Battle ended in defeat for American as Gates was soundly defeated. Those who surrendered was executed coined the term “Tartleton’s Quarter”.
When: August 16, 1780
Where: South Carolina
HS: Gates defeat removed him from potentially replacing Washington as Commander of Continental Army.

Question 27

Benjamin Lincoln

Answer 27

What: Meets British officer Charles O’Hara to formalize surrender
When: Battle of Yorktown
Where: Yorktown, Virginia
HS: Cornwallis would not come out to accept the terms of surrender and sent O’Hara. O’Hara attempted to surrender to Rochambeau but he declined as he was of higher rank and pointed to Washington. Washington shows good military decorum and sends Lincoln as the equal to O’Hara.