Lecture 3-4 Flashcards
What is the wave equation to describe the light?
A(x,t)=A0 cos(kx-wt+phi)
k=2pi/wavelength
What is wave interference (superposition) principle?
Waves will combine, overlapping each other and propogating on top of each other.
What is the difference between constructive interference and destructive interference?
Constructive interference happens when two waves overlap in such a way that they combine to create a larger wave. Destructive interference happens when two waves overlap in such a way that they cancel each other out.
What is Huygens-Fresnel Principle?
When light interacts with a material at an interdace, points of interaction will be sources for new circular waves. This principle shows that light is a wave.
What is Fermat’s Principle?
Light travels between points along the path of shortest TIME, NOT the shortest distance.
What is Snell’s Law?
n1sinθ1=n2sinθ2 (n2<n1)
How to calculate the critical angle
a1=acrit=sin^(-1)*(n2/n1)
How to calculate Brewster’s Angle?
a1=aB=tan^(-1)*(n2/n1)
What is the pinhole effect?
The pinhole effect is an optical concept which suggests that the smaller the pupil size, the less defocus from spherical aberrations are present.
What is the difference between broadband and narrowband?
They are different due to how much wavelength being reflected.
What is dielectric mirror?
Constructed with dielectric materials to layer oil, water and air such that light interferes with itself constructively and/or destructively.
What is metallic mirror?
Normally made if silver and aluminum. The metals making up the mirror determine the percentage of light of a given wavelength reflected by the mirror.
What is beam splitter?
A beam splitter is an optical device that splits a beam of light into two.
What is filter?
control the intensity of light, as well as its spectral characteristics. This simply means that wavelengths can be filtered out as needed.
What is the prism?
A prism works because different colors of light travel at different speeds inside the glass. they get bent by different amounts and spread out as they leave the prism.
What is grating?
A diffraction grating is an optical element that disperses light composed of lots of different wavelengths into light components by wavelength.
what is polarization?
Polarization is a property that applies to transverse waves that specifies the geometrical orientation of the oscillations. The direction of the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of motion of the wave.
What is the difference between double convex lease and double concave lens?
Double convex lenses, which are converging lenses that focus light. Double concave lenses, which are diverging lenses that scatter light.
What is converging lens?
The image can be located on EITHER side of the lens. Virtual image can be upright or flipped. virtual image can be bigger or smaller.
What is diverging lens?
The image is located on object’s side of lens. There exists a virtual image for all. The virtual image is upright. The virtual image is reduced in size.
What is the lens equation?
1/f=1/d0+1/d1
What is the magnification equation?
M=-di/do=hi/ho
What is lens maker equation?
1/F=(n-1)(1/R1-1/R2)
What is structural colouration?
The mechanism by which color emerges from structure rather than as a result of absorption/emission, resulting from constructive and destructive interference.
