Lecture 3

Question 1

A Cell’s full complement of genes

Answer 1

Genome

Question 2

_________ cells generally have a single, circular DNA molecule called a chromosome.

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cells

Question 3

Prokaryotic cells generally have a single circular DNA molecule called a ________

Answer 3

chromisome

Question 4

Prokaryotes have many small amounts of extra-chromosomal DNA called :

Answer 4

Plasmids

Question 5

_______ confer special properties to prokaryotes such as antibiotic resistance.

Answer 5

Plasmids

Question 6

prokaryotic accessory genes are also known as ____

Answer 6

plasmids

Question 7

What type of cell has linear DNA found in a nucleus?

Answer 7

Eukaryotic

Question 8

_______ is a protein that helps in folding of DNA in Eukaryotes.

Answer 8

Histones

Question 9

What type of cell has more than one chromisome

Answer 9

Eukaryote

Question 10

In a Eukaryote, how many copies are there of each chromosome?

Answer 10

two

Question 11

The Genome is halved by which process?

Answer 11

meiosis

Question 12

The nucleus of a cell divides by which process?

Answer 12

Mitosis

Question 13

The human cell has ______x more DNA per cell than E. Coli

Answer 13

1000x

Question 14

The human cell has ______x more genes than E.coli

Answer 14

7x

Question 15

_________ is the process of change over time that results in new varieties and species of organisms.

Answer 15

Evolution.

Question 16

Evolution - DEFINE

Answer 16

causes variation; the process of change over time that results in new varieties and species of organisms

Question 17

Phylogeny - DEFINE

Answer 17

Evolutionary relationships b/t organisms; comparing genetic information in different specimens; uses Ribosomal RNA (rRNA); uses phylogenetic tree

Question 18

Evolutionary relationships b/t organisms is a study known as _________.

Answer 18

Phylogeny

Question 19

________ is a lineage of cells .

Answer 19

Domains

Question 20

What are the 3 types of microbial Domain we study?

Answer 20

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Question 21

What two domains that we study are genetically similar?

Answer 21

Archaea, Eukarya

Question 22

Which two domains that we study appear to be more similar?

Answer 22

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 23

Which of the following is not a prokaryote?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Answer 23

Eukarya

Question 24

Which of the following are not closely related?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Answer 24

Archaea and Bacteria

Question 25

Which of the following is closely related? Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

Answer 25

Archaea and Eukarya

Question 26

____________ microorganisms were the ancestors of multicellular organisms.

Answer 26

Eukaryotic

Question 27

___________ is the theory that defines prokaryotes residing within a eukaryotic cell.

Answer 27

Endosymbiosis

Question 28

_______ and _______ are organelles that also contain their own genomes and ribosomes.

Answer 28

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Question 29

LUCA - DEFINE

Answer 29

Last universal common ancestor

Question 30

Chemoorganotroph - DEFINE

Answer 30

obtain energy from the oxidation of organic molecules;

Question 31

Aerobes - dEFINE

Answer 31

use oxygen to obtain energy

Question 32

Anaerobes - define

Answer 32

obtain energy in the absence of oxygen

Question 33

___________ obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic molecules ; only found in prokaryotes

Answer 33

Chemolithotrophs

Question 34

___________ contain pigments that allow them to use light as an energy source.

Answer 34

Phototrophs

Question 35

Oxygenic photosynthesis produces _______.

Answer 35

oxygen

Question 36

Anoxygenic photosynthesis does not produce ______.

Answer 36

oxygen

Question 37

Glucose + O2 --> CO2 + H20 + ATP What type of microorganisms?

Answer 37

Chemoorganotrophs

Question 38

H2 + O2 --> H20 + ATP what type of microorganisms

Answer 38

Chemolithotrophs

Question 39

What type of organism uses H2, H2S, Fe2+, NH4+ for food sources in producing atp?

Answer 39

Chemolithotrophs

Question 40

What types of cells require carbon as a major nutrient?

Answer 40

All cells

Question 41

Autotrophs- define

Answer 41

use carbon dioxide as their carbon source (primary producer)

Question 42

________ Require one or more organic molecules for their carbon source.

Answer 42

Heterotrophs

Question 43

________ Feed directly on autotrophs or live off products produces by autotrophs.

Answer 43

Heterotrophs

Question 44

Extremophiles - define

Answer 44

inhabit extreme environments

Question 45

All known pathogenic prokaryotes are _______

Answer 45

Bacteria

Question 46

________ make up the largest phylum of bacteria. (gram negative)

Answer 46

Proteobacteria

Question 47

_________ phylum united by phylogeny and cell wall structure; cyanobacteria

Answer 47

Gram-positive

Question 48

What 4 Phylum of bacteria come from the same common ancestor and are related?

Answer 48

Proteobacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Chlamydia.

Question 49

What Phyla of bacteria are photosynthetic?

Answer 49

Green sulfur bactreia and green nonsulfur bacteria

Question 50

Deinococcus is resistant to ________

Answer 50

radioactivity

Question 51

_____ are obligate intracellular parasites.

Answer 51

Chlamydia

Question 52

2 Phyla of the Domain Archaea:

Answer 52

Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota

Question 53

3 types of Euryarchaeota:

Answer 53

Methanogens, Extreme halophiles , Thermoacidophiles

Question 54

Crenarchaeota - DEfine

Answer 54

majority of cultured Crenarchaeota are hyperthermophiles (marine, freshwater, soil)

Question 55

Eukaryotic microorganisms include 4 groups:

Answer 55

algae, fungi, protozoa, and slime molds.

Question 56

Protists include: (2)

Answer 56

algae and protozoa

Question 57

________ Protists are not phototrophic

Answer 57

Protozoa

Question 58

________ Protists are phototrophic

Answer 58

algae

Question 59

________ Eukarya are decomposers

Answer 59

Fungi

Question 60

_______ Eukarya have cell wals.

Answer 60

Algae and Fungi

Question 61

_______ Eukarya don't have cell wals.

Answer 61

Protozoa and slime molds

Question 62

What do these early branching organisms have in common? Diplomonads Trichomonads

Answer 62

lack mitochondria

Question 63

______ are a mutualistic relationship between two groups of protists and include Fungi and Cyanobacteria.

Answer 63

Lichens