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BMSC 210 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

A Cell’s full complement of genes

A

Genome

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2
Q

_________ cells generally have a single, circular DNA molecule called a chromosome.

A

Prokaryotic cells

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3
Q

Prokaryotic cells generally have a single circular DNA molecule called a ________

A

chromisome

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4
Q

Prokaryotes have many small amounts of extra-chromosomal DNA called :

A

Plasmids

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5
Q

_______ confer special properties to prokaryotes such as antibiotic resistance.

A

Plasmids

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6
Q

prokaryotic accessory genes are also known as ____

A

plasmids

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7
Q

What type of cell has linear DNA found in a nucleus?

A

Eukaryotic

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8
Q

_______ is a protein that helps in folding of DNA in Eukaryotes.

A

Histones

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9
Q

What type of cell has more than one chromisome

A

Eukaryote

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10
Q

In a Eukaryote, how many copies are there of each chromosome?

A

two

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11
Q

The Genome is halved by which process?

A

meiosis

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12
Q

The nucleus of a cell divides by which process?

A

Mitosis

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13
Q

The human cell has ______x more DNA per cell than E. Coli

A

1000x

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14
Q

The human cell has ______x more genes than E.coli

A

7x

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15
Q

_________ is the process of change over time that results in new varieties and species of organisms.

A

Evolution.

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16
Q

Evolution - DEFINE

A

causes variation; the process of change over time that results in new varieties and species of organisms

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17
Q

Phylogeny - DEFINE

A

Evolutionary relationships b/t organisms; comparing genetic information in different specimens; uses Ribosomal RNA (rRNA); uses phylogenetic tree

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18
Q

Evolutionary relationships b/t organisms is a study known as _________.

A

Phylogeny

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19
Q

________ is a lineage of cells .

A

Domains

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20
Q

What are the 3 types of microbial Domain we study?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

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21
Q

What two domains that we study are genetically similar?

A

Archaea, Eukarya

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22
Q

Which two domains that we study appear to be more similar?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

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23
Q

Which of the following is not a prokaryote?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

A

Eukarya

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24
Q

Which of the following are not closely related?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

A

Archaea and Bacteria

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25
Q

Which of the following is closely related?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

A

Archaea and Eukarya

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26
Q

____________ microorganisms were the ancestors of multicellular organisms.

A

Eukaryotic

27
Q

___________ is the theory that defines prokaryotes residing within a eukaryotic cell.

A

Endosymbiosis

28
Q

_______ and _______ are organelles that also contain their own genomes and ribosomes.

A

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

29
Q

LUCA - DEFINE

A

Last universal common ancestor

30
Q

Chemoorganotroph - DEFINE

A

obtain energy from the oxidation of organic molecules;

31
Q

Aerobes - dEFINE

A

use oxygen to obtain energy

32
Q

Anaerobes - define

A

obtain energy in the absence of oxygen

33
Q

___________ obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic molecules ; only found in prokaryotes

A

Chemolithotrophs

34
Q

___________ contain pigments that allow them to use light as an energy source.

A

Phototrophs

35
Q

Oxygenic photosynthesis produces _______.

A

oxygen

36
Q

Anoxygenic photosynthesis does not produce ______.

A

oxygen

37
Q

Glucose + O2 –> CO2 + H20 + ATP

What type of microorganisms?

A

Chemoorganotrophs

38
Q

H2 + O2 –> H20 + ATP

what type of microorganisms

A

Chemolithotrophs

39
Q

What type of organism uses H2, H2S, Fe2+, NH4+ for food sources in producing atp?

A

Chemolithotrophs

40
Q

What types of cells require carbon as a major nutrient?

A

All cells

41
Q

Autotrophs- define

A

use carbon dioxide as their carbon source (primary producer)

42
Q

________ Require one or more organic molecules for their carbon source.

A

Heterotrophs

43
Q

________ Feed directly on autotrophs or live off products produces by autotrophs.

A

Heterotrophs

44
Q

Extremophiles - define

A

inhabit extreme environments

45
Q

All known pathogenic prokaryotes are _______

A

Bacteria

46
Q

________ make up the largest phylum of bacteria. (gram negative)

A

Proteobacteria

47
Q

_________ phylum united by phylogeny and cell wall structure; cyanobacteria

A

Gram-positive

48
Q

What 4 Phylum of bacteria come from the same common ancestor and are related?

A

Proteobacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Chlamydia.

49
Q

What Phyla of bacteria are photosynthetic?

A

Green sulfur bactreia and green nonsulfur bacteria

50
Q

Deinococcus is resistant to ________

A

radioactivity

51
Q

_____ are obligate intracellular parasites.

A

Chlamydia

52
Q

2 Phyla of the Domain Archaea:

A

Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota

53
Q

3 types of Euryarchaeota:

A

Methanogens, Extreme halophiles , Thermoacidophiles

54
Q

Crenarchaeota - DEfine

A

majority of cultured Crenarchaeota are hyperthermophiles (marine, freshwater, soil)

55
Q

Eukaryotic microorganisms include 4 groups:

A

algae, fungi, protozoa, and slime molds.

56
Q

Protists include: (2)

A

algae and protozoa

57
Q

________ Protists are not phototrophic

A

Protozoa

58
Q

________ Protists are phototrophic

A

algae

59
Q

________ Eukarya are decomposers

A

Fungi

60
Q

_______ Eukarya have cell wals.

A

Algae and Fungi

61
Q

_______ Eukarya don’t have cell wals.

A

Protozoa and slime molds

62
Q

What do these early branching organisms have in common?
Diplomonads
Trichomonads

A

lack mitochondria

63
Q

______ are a mutualistic relationship between two groups of protists and include Fungi and Cyanobacteria.

A

Lichens

BMSC 210 (1 decks)

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