Lecture 3 Flashcards
Batch Systems
1955-1970
Benefits :
- You do not have to be physically in the line, just drop your cards and take the result later.
- keep the computer running
The First “portable” OS - UNIX
Created in AT&T Bell Labs, a project leading by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie - Started in 1969, internally public in 1971, public in 1973.
Support multiple users.
Support interprocess communication.
Nu GUI.
The most popular OS in the 80s - DOS
Disk operating system
Originally quick and Dirty Operating System
Introduced in 1981 for IBM PC based on 8086/8088
Only 640 KB memory available for applications
No virtual memory
Need quite a few tricks (EMS, XMS, QEMM, and etc.) to use all memory that you installed on the computer
The first GUI-based OS - Xerox PARC
Designed for Star information System
GUI elements: bitmapped display, windows, folders, icons, Ethernet networking, file and print servers, and the mouse
Object-oriented design
Editor: “What You See Is What You Get”
Only around 25 000 devices were sold
The first popular GUI OS - Mac OS
Released in 1984 w/the legendary Macintosh
Adopted GUI/mouse from XEROX PARC
The first popularized all GUI OS
Support multitasking
Non a multi-user system
Networked/DS - 1990s to now?
It’s all about connectivity
Enables parallelism but performance is not goal
Goal is communication/sharing
Requires high speed communication
We want to share data not hardware
Networked applications drive everything
Web, email, messaging, social networks. …
Networked/DS - 1990s to now?
It’s all about connectivity
Enables parallelism but performance is not goal
Goal is communication/sharing
Requires high speed communication
We want to share data not hardware
Networked applications drive everything
Web, email, messaging, social networks. …
Windows OS is based on UNIX (True or False)?
MS DOS
Windows OS is based on UNIX (True or False)?
MS DOS
The most popular OS before 2014
Windows NT/2000/XP/Vista/7/8
Originally for servers, initially released in 1993
First true 32-bit Windows OS, Windows Vista/7 started to become natively 64-bit
Support multi-user, multi-tasking
NTFS: more secure, modernized file system
Different driver model than DOS/Windows 95
Most code in C/C++, reasonably portable (IA-32, x86-64, DEC Alpha ..)
Mac OS. Mac OS is based on UNIX (TRUE or FALSE)?
MacOS x
Initially released in 2001
Originated from NeXTSTEP, a company Steve Jobs funded after leaving from Apple in 1985
Darwin: based on Mach and BSD kernels
- Inherits all the good things from UNIX
- Better integration with GUI
Shares the same kernel with IOS
Linux OS is based on UNIX (True or False)?
Desktop OS
Microsoft Windows OS
- Unix-based
Apple Mac OS (based on Darwin (BSD))
Linux
- Ubuntu
- Debian
…
Linux OS is based on UNIX (True or False)?
Desktop OS
Microsoft Windows OS
- Unix-based
Apple Mac OS (based on Darwin (BSD))
Linux
- Ubuntu
- Debian
…
What is operating elements?
Abstractions
Processes, thread, file, socket, memory page
Mechanisms
Create, schedule, open, write, allocate
Policies
Least-recently used (LRU), earliest dedline first (EDF)
What is Operating Systems?
An operating system is a software which acts as an interface between the end user and computer hardware
