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Entomology > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Spiders are insects

A

FALSE

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2
Q

What is a bug in the class arachnida that eats other bug eggs?

A

mites

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3
Q

how do mites disperse their eggs?

A

phoresy: carried by other insects

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4
Q

what are the mites that are commonly found in compost?

A

Cunaxidae

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5
Q

what do mites alter?

A

alter or delaying successional patterns of decay

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6
Q

what do macrochelids indicate on a body?

A

possible origins of a corpse

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7
Q

where are macrochelids usually found?

A

agricultural regions

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8
Q

what is the problem with collecting mites?

A

difficult to collect and see

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9
Q

what is the structural parts of a spider?

A

8 legs, 2 body parts: abdomen, and cephalothorax

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10
Q

what are the body parts of pseudoscorpions?

A

they have 2 body parts: abdomen and cephalothorax

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11
Q

what is the most distinguished parts of pseudoscorpions?

A

pedipalps (pinchers), and mouthparts

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12
Q

how do psuedoscorpions disperse?

A

via phoresy: attached to flies

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13
Q

What bug is associated with decomposing remains and found at all stages?

A

pill bugs

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14
Q

How many species of malacostraca are there in Ontario, are they native?

A

13 and mostly no

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15
Q

What class are centipedes

A

chilopoda

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16
Q

what insect is predatory on other arthropods (clue: both found indoors and outdoors)?

A

centipedes

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17
Q

What class are millipedes?

A

diplopoda

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18
Q

where do millipedes live?

A

moist habitats, plant feeders but also on decomposing animal tissues

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19
Q

how many species of millipedes are there in Canada and Alaska?

A

60

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20
Q

What insect is order collembola?

A

springtails

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21
Q

what is another name for springtails

A

snow fleas

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22
Q

What is the class name of silverfish?

A

Thysanura

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23
Q

where is the typical location of silverfish?

A

households generally inside pest of stored food products

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24
Q

what are the worst insects for killing people?

A

houseflies and mosquitos

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25
Q

What do cockroaches do to carcasses?

A

feed on them

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26
Q

when do cockroaches appear?

A

commonly at later stage remains, not fresh corpses

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27
Q

what order are cockroaches?

A

Blattaria

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28
Q

where are earwigs found?

A

damp habitats, and commonly beneath a corpse as daylight shelter area

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29
Q

what order are earwigs?

A

Dermaptera

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30
Q

What is the most abundant order?

A

Coleoptera

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31
Q

when are beetles found?

A

early stages of decomposition

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32
Q

What is the main predatory beetle?

A

Staphilinidae

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33
Q

When do predatory beetles arrive?

A

early after death and remain through the rotting cycle.

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34
Q

what is the class of ground beetles?

A

Carabidae

35
Q

what are histerid beetles?

A

shiny black and robust beetles

36
Q

what do histerid beetles do?

A

Feed on maggots, stay throughout decomposition period.

37
Q

What is the common name for silphidae?

A

burying beetles

38
Q

what do silphidae larvae feed on?

A

this is a tricky question, some authors say remains and maggots others say only on maggots

39
Q

What is the common name of dermestidae?

A

carpet/museum beetles

40
Q

what do dermestids eat?

A

dry skin, hair, larvae, and adults

41
Q

how are dermestids forensically relavent?

A

not necessarily the corpse but rather identifying location

42
Q

when you get a reaction from dermestids on your skin what should you do?

A

olive oil on skin

43
Q

what order are caddisflies?

A

trichoptera

44
Q

Why are caddisflies Dave’s favourite insect?

A

because they make pretty shells made of sand twigs and leaves

45
Q

where do you normally find caddisflies?

A

submerged corpses, and often in clothing

46
Q

what were red bloodworms (chironamidae) misidentified as?

A

carpet fibres

47
Q

what is the proper name of mayflies?

A

ephemeroptera

48
Q

what is the order of flies?

A

Diptera

49
Q

what is the anatomical wing structure of flies?

A

two wings, hind wings are reduced to halterese

50
Q

T/F: Flies have 4 wings.

A

false

51
Q

which type of fly arrives first in cooler climates?

A

calliphoridae (blow flies)

52
Q

which flies arrive first in warmer temperatures?

A

sarcophagidae (flesh flies)

53
Q

how can you distinguish flesh flies?

A

checkered abdomen

54
Q

where do blow flies deposit their eggs?

A

folds, eyes, ears

55
Q

T/F: blow fly maggots are predatory on other maggots.

A

True

56
Q

3rd Instar Maggots release enzymes to do what?

A

liquify tissue

57
Q

what is the family name for cheese skippers?

A

piophilidae

58
Q

where are cheese typically found?

A
  • stored products and dried foodstuffs
  • slaughter houses and tanneries
59
Q

T/F: maggots can jump.

A

True: they can jump up to 3 in to escape from predators

60
Q

Cheese skipppers can tolerate temps of __ for 1 hour and __ for 24 hours

A

54 and 45

61
Q

when do cheese skippers appear on a dried corpse?

A

later

62
Q

what is the least amount of time adult cheese skippers have been found?

A

as soon as 3 days on small carcasses

63
Q

What did Johnston and Villenueve find in 1897?

A

found cheese skipper larvae on corpse after saponification (turning fat into soap) had occured

64
Q

What is found in 10% of graves 3-10 yrs old?

A

cheese skipper maggots

65
Q

What insects are simple and ametabolous? what does that mean?

A

silverfish, & collebola immature look like adults

66
Q

what insects are incomplete or hemimetabolous, what does that mean?

A

earwigs; larvae similar to adults but missing key structures (wings)

67
Q

what insects are complete or holometabolous, what does that mean?

A

maggots, grubs; means they go through several distinct stages or through moults or instars

68
Q

What instar of maggots have keys?

A

all but mostly for 3rd, some for 2nd, and very few for 1st

69
Q

Where and how do maggots emerge from?

A

the plastron, they split it at the length

70
Q

How do adult flies emerge?

A
  • breaking open pupae with a specialized temporary structure called a ptilinum
  • head sweals to break pupae
  • fly emerges and the ptilinum shrinks, fly exoskeleton hardens
71
Q

What does damage to the exoskeleton of a fly do?

A

leaves a scar

72
Q

Why does rigor mortis occur?

A

breakdown of glycogen and accumulation of lactic acid

73
Q

when does rigor mortis start/end?

A

begins: 5-7 hrs
lasts: 48-72 hrs

74
Q

what is rigor mortis mitigated and lengthened by?

A

high temperatures and lengthened by low temperatures

75
Q

What occurs after rigor mortis?

A

biochemical fermentation and autolysis

76
Q

what gases are released during fermentation?

A

ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen

77
Q

during the bloat stage what happens?

A

flanks become greenish and carcass bloats

78
Q

why does putrefaction occur?

A

micro organisms in the body (intestinal flora) followed by invading saprophytic fungi and bacteria

79
Q

when do necrophagous insects appear?

A

after autolysis

80
Q

What do larvae feed on in a carcass?

A

liquid between muscle fibres

81
Q

what is the order of body decomposition

A
  1. Intestines, stomach, liver blood, heart blood, and circulation heart muscles
  2. lungs, air passages
  3. brain
  4. kidneys and bladder
  5. voluntary muscles
  6. uterus
82
Q

how long is liver unattractive for?

A

3 hours after removal

83
Q
A

Entomology (6 decks)

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