Lecture 3 Flashcards
What are leukocytes also known as?
White blood cells (WBC)
Colourless, lack hemoglobin, greater in size than RBC
What is the main function of leukocytes?
Mobile unit of the body’s immune system.
Made up of leukocytes, their derivatives, variety of plasma proteins, and immune organs
What is SCID?
Severe Combined Immune Deficiency
A single mutation in a protein that does not allow the body to make T and B lymphocytes. Individuals cannot protect themselves
What are some functions of leukocytes?
1) Distinguish and recognize harmful cells
2) Destroy or neutralize foreign materials
3) Defend against invading microbes
4) Identify and destroy cancer cells
5) Seek out and attack strategy
6) Clean up crew
Removes worn out cells and tissue debris for wound healing and tissue repair
What are the types of leukocytes?
1) Neutrophil
2) Eosinophil
3) Basophil
4) Monocytes
5) Lymphocytes
Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil, Monocytes, and Lymphocytes are the different types of leukocytes.
What are the two types of granulocytes?
1) Polymorphonuclear granulocytes
2) Mononuclear agranulocytes
Polymorphonuclear granulocytes and Mononuclear agranulocytes are the two types of granulocytes.
What is the immune cell count for RBC, WBC, and Platelets?
1) RBC - 5 million/mm^3
2) WBC - 7000/mm^3
3) Platelets - 250,000/mm^3
RBC has a count of 5 million/mm^3, WBC has a count of 7000/mm^3, and Platelets have a count of 250,000/mm^3.
What are the characteristics of Neutrophils?
- Most abundant nucleated immune cell
- Nucleus with 3 lobes
- Phagocytic specialist
- Engulf and destroy bacteria intracellularly
- Release Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NETS) containing bacteria killing enzymes
- Short-lived
Neutrophils are the most abundant nucleated immune cell with a nucleus having 3 lobes. They are phagocytic specialists that engulf and destroy bacteria intracellularly. Neutrophils release Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NETS) containing bacteria killing enzymes and are short-lived.
What are the characteristics of Eosinophils?
- Have affinity towards eosin dye
- Not phagocytotic
- Kill antibody coated parasites through release of granule content
- Help fight parasites like worms
- Nucleus with 2 lobes
Eosinophils have an affinity towards eosin dye and do not phagocytose. They kill antibody coated parasites through the release of granule content and help fight parasites like worms. Eosinophils have a nucleus with 2 lobes.
What is the structure of eosinophils?
Nucleus with 2 lobes
What is associated with an increase in circulating eosinophils?
Allergic conditions like asthma and hay fever
Internal parasite infestations like worms
Attatch to worm and secrete substances to kill it.
What do basophils synthesize, store, and release?
Histamine = release is important in allergic conditions
Heparin = speed removal of fat particles from the blood after a fatty meal
Chemotactic factor production
What is the characteristic of mononuclear agranulocytes?
Single nucleus
Cells lacking granules
What are the functions of Monocytes?
Phagocytosis
Antigen presentation
Cytokine production
cytotoxicity
O7 what are the functions?
What do cytokines do?
They are released to attract immune cells to site of infection.
Also activate and alert the entire immune system
Ost what do cytokines do ?
What are tissue resident macrophages?
macro= large phages = eater
Have receptors to sense invading microorgarism
Secrete cytokines/ chemokenes (subgroup of cytokurs)
They will recruit neutrophils and other immune cells.
89 what are tissue resident macrophages?
What are the two types of lymphocytes?
Large granular lymphocytes and smaller lymphocytes of adaptive immune response
Large granular lymphocytes are natural killer cells and part of the innate immune response. Smaller lymphocytes of adaptive immune response have functions such as cytokine production, antigen recognition, antibody production, memory, and cytotoxicity.
What are the functions of B-lymphocytes?
B-lymphocytes are involved in humoral immunity, produce antibodies as plasma cells, and respond to antibody-mediated immunity
None
What are the functions of T-lymphocytes?
T-lymphocytes are involved in cell-mediated immunity, do not produce antibodies, and directly destroy specific target cells by releasing chemicals
Target cells include body cells invaded by viruses & bacteria.
Where do all body cells ultimately originate from?
Undifferentiated pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells in red bone marrow.
Example sentence: All body cells ultimately originate from the same undifferentiated pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells.
Where are granulocytes and monocytes produced?
Bone marrow.
Example sentence: Granulocytes and monocytes are produced only in bone marrow.
How are new lymphocytes produced?
Via cell division by lymphocytes already in lymphoid tissue such as lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils.
Example sentence: New lymphocytes are produced via cell division by lymphocytes already in lymphoid tissue.
Do the total number of white blood cells and percentage vary?
Yes, considerably as you meet changing defense needs.
Example sentence: Total number of white blood cells and percentage vary considerably as you meet changing defense needs.
