Lecture 3

Question 1

How many parts of the phyrynx are there and what are they?

Answer 1

• 3
• Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

Question 2

What is the extent of the pharynx - where does it start and end?

Answer 2

Extends superiorly to the base of the skull and inferiorly till 6th cervical vertibra

Question 3

What are the communications with the pharynx?

Answer 3

• anteriorly with nasal, oral cavities and larynx
• laterally with middle ear through auditory tube

Question 4

How does the nasopharynx communicate with the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

through the posterior nasal apetures - choanae

Question 5

How does the nasopharynx communicate with the oropharynx?

Answer 5

through the pharyngeal isthmus

Question 6

What is the extent of the nasopharynx?

Answer 6

• from the base of the skull to the lower border of the soft palate

Question 7

What are the boundaries of the nasopharynx?

Answer 7

Roof- body of the sphenoid bone, basilar part of the occipital bone, pharyngeal tonsil
Floor- soft palate, pharyngeal isthmus
Posterior wall- anterior arch of atlas
Lateral wall- opening of auditory tube, tubal elevation, salpingopharyngeal fold, salpingopalatine fold, fold of levator palati

Question 8

What nerve innervates the nasopharynx?

Answer 8

• Maxillary nerve

Question 9

How does the oropharynx communicate with the oral cavity?

Answer 9

Oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 10

What is the extent of the oropharynx?

Answer 10

-from the lower border of the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis
- lies infront of the 2nd (axis) and 3rd cervical vertebrae

Question 11

What are the bounderies of the oropharynx?

Answer 11

Superior- nasopharynx
Inferior- Laryngopahrynx
Anterior- Oral cavity
Posterior- 2nd and 3rd cervical vertebrae
Laterally- palatine tonsil, palatoglossal fold, palatopharyngeal fold

Question 12

What nerve innerates the oropharynx?

Answer 12

• Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 13

What is the extent of the laryngopharynx?

Answer 13

• from the upper border of the epiglottis to the 6th cervical vertebrae (lower border of the cricoid cartilage)
• infront of the 3rd, 4th, 5the and 6th CV

Question 14

What is the anterior boundery of the laryngopharynx?

Answer 14

• inlet of larynx in the upper part
• cricoid and arytenoid cartilages of larynx
• piriform fossa (small depression aither side of laryngeal inlet)

Question 15

What nerves innervate the laryngopharynx?

Answer 15

• Branches of the Vagus nerve

Question 16

What are the layers of the wall of the pahrynx?

Answer 16

• Mucosa
• Submucosa
• Pharyngobasilar fascia (this sheet of CT)
• Muscular coat (inner longitudinal and outer longitudinal layers)
• Buccopharyngeal fascia (CT layer)

Question 17

What are the mucles found in the longitudinal layer of muscle in the muscular coat?

Answer 17

-Stylopharyngeas muscle
- Salpingopharyngeas muscle
- Palatopharyngeas muscle
(inner part of the pahrynx)

Question 18

What is the function of the longitudinal muscles?

Answer 18

elevate the larynx and shorten the pahrynx durig swallowing and speaking

Question 19

What are the muscles found in the circular layer of muscle in the muscular coat?

Answer 19

-Superior constrictor muscle
- Middle constrictor muscle
- Inferior constrictor muscle
(outer part of the pharynx)

Question 20

What is the function of the circular muscles?

Answer 20

sequentially fromsuperior to inferior constrictor muscles- propelling food into the esopahgus

Question 21

What nerve innervate the muscles of the pahrynx?

Answer 21

• Stylopahryngeas-glossopharyngeal nerve