Lecture 3

Question 1

is one of the oldest and largest sources of renewable energy, which uses the natural flow of moving water to generate electricity

Answer 1

Hydropower, or hydroelectric power,

Question 2

Cost for Hydropower plant

Answer 2

HIGH INITIAL COST – LOW OPERATIONAL COST

Question 3

most hydropower plants rely on a dam that holds back water, creating a large reservoir. Often, this reservoir is used as a recreational lake, such as Lake Roosevelt at the Grand Coulee Dam in Washington State.

Answer 3

Damn

Question 4

gates on the dam open and gravity pulls the water through the penstock, a pipeline that leads to the turbine. Water builds up pressure as it flows through this pipe.

Answer 4

Intake

Question 5

the water strikes and turns the large blades of a turbine, which is attached to a generator above it by way of a shaft. The most common type of turbine for hydropower plants is the Francis Turbine, which looks like a big disc with curved blades.

Answer 5

Turbine

Question 6

FWEE

Answer 6

Foundation for Water & Energy Education

Question 7

as the turbine blades turn, so do a series of magnets inside the generator. Giant magnets rotate past copper coils, producing alternating current (AC) by moving electrons

Answer 7

Generators

Question 8

out of every power plant come four wires: the three phases of power being produced simultaneously plus a neutral or ground common to all three.

Answer 8

Power lones

Question 9

used water is carried through pipelines, called tailraces, and re-enters the river downstream.

Answer 9

Outflow

Question 10

use potential energy from dammed water. The energy extracted depends on the volume and head of the water. The difference between height of water level in the reservoir and the water outflow level is called as water head.

Answer 10

Conventional plants

Question 11

a second reservoir is constructed near the water outflow from the turbine. When the demand of electricity is low, the water from lower reservoir is pumped into the upper (main) reservoir.

Answer 11

Pumped storage plant

Question 12

In this type of facility, no dam is constructed and, hence, reservoir is absent. A portion of river is diverted through a penstock or canal to the turbine.

Answer 12

Run-of-River plant

Question 13

Water from the reservoir is allowed to flow through the penstock to the turbine.

Answer 13

Control gate

Question 14

is a huge steel pipe which carries water from the reservoir to the turbine.

Answer 14

Penstock

Question 15

this is the most common tidal pattern, featuring two highs and two lows each day, with minimal variation in the height of successive high or low waters

Answer 15

Semi diurnal tide

Question 16

Only a single high and a single low during each tidal day; successive high and low waters do not vary by a great deal.

Answer 16

Diurnal tide

Question 17

characterized by wide variation in heights of successive high and low waters, and by longer tide cycles than those of the semidiurnal cycle.

Answer 17

Mixed tides

Question 18

power can be generated only intermittently. Consists of a basin separated by dam. The flow of water between sea and basin and vice versa is through sluice. The rise and fall of tide provide the potential head. Uses reversible water turbine.

Answer 18

Single Basin

Question 19

provide power continuously or on demand. - Consists of two basins called upper and lower basin. One basin is maintained always at a lower level than other. A dam is constructed between sea and basins as well as between basins. Powerhouse is in the dam between basins.

Answer 19

Double Basin