Lecture 3 Flashcards
Describe GATE
GATE (a Graphic Approach To Epidemiology) uses a triangle, circle, squares, and arrows to graphically represent the design of all epidemiological studies. Every epidemiological study can be hung on the GATE frame from using PECOT– otherwise it probably isn’t a good study
The GATE approach is equally applicable in clinical, health services or public health practice. GATE started life as a ‘Graphic Appraisal Tool for Epidemiological studies’ to help clinical students develop critical appraisal skills, but the GATE approach is equally relevant to teaching epidemiological study design (‘Graphic Architectural Tool for Epidemiology’), which is the ‘flip-side’ of the critical appraisal of epidemiological studies
What goes in the triangle of the GATE frame
The populations - specify who it is and put the number
What goes in the circle of the GATE frame
The circle is typically split into different groups
Specify which group is which, and add the numbers
If multiple groups there will be multiple outcome divides
What goes in the square of the GATE frame
The disease outcomes (numbers typically go in the boxes) - typically focus on this rather than healthy counts
These will be split into groups (make sure its clear which group) - outcome dividers
What is the arrow for in the gate frame?
The arrow represents time
If the arrow is Vertical = Incidence (over time)
If the arrow is Horizontal = Prevalence (one point in time)
Describe PECOT
PECOT is an acronym that describe the 5 parts of every epidemiological study
What does P stand for in PECOT
P - Participants or Population (denominator)
What does E stand for in PECOT
E - Exposure Group (not necessarily exposed to anything; any group can be chosen as eg or cg, could just be men or women, just need to be clear)
There can be multiple exposure groups
What does C stand for in PECOT
C - Control Group
There is only ever one contorl group
What does O stand for in PECOT
O - Outcomes (we measure the dis-ease/numerator)
What does T stand for in PECOT
Time (OVER a certain period of time OR AT a certain point in time
What is the arrow for in the gate frame?
The arrow represents time
If the arrow is Vertical = Incidence
If the arrow is Horizontal = Prevalence
What is EGO
EGO = exposure group occurrence = a/EG
EG and CG become the denominators for calculating dis-ease occurrence.
Calculating EGO and CGO is the starting point of all epidemiology studies, you have to consider other things
What is CGO
CGO = comparison group occurrence = b/CG
EG and CG become the denominators for calculating dis-ease occurrence.
Calculating EGO and CGO is the starting point of all epidemiology studies, you have to consider other things
