Lecture 3 Flashcards
Homocyclic
A cyclic compound having atoms of only one element, usually carbon, in the ring.
Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s).
Stereochemistry
the arrangement of atoms in space.
Conformational isomers
Conformational isomers (or conformers or rotational isomers or rotamers) are stereoisomers produced by rotation (twisting) about σ bonds, and are often rapidly interconverting at room temperature.
What are the two main types of Isomers?
Constitutional (structure) and Stereoisomers (spatial isomers)
What are stereoisomers?
Stereoisomers are isomers that have the same composition (that is, the same parts) but that differ in the orientation of those parts in space.
What are the two main types of stereoisomers?
diastereomers and enantiomers
What are diastereomers?
Diastereomers are defined as compounds with the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded elements but are non-superimposable non-mirror images.
What are enantiomers
Enantiomers are a pair of molecules that exist in two forms that are mirror images of one another but cannot be superimposed one upon the other.
What are the two types of diastereomers?
Cis-Trans Isomers and Conformers
What are Cis-Trans Isomers ?
Cis isomers are molecules with the same connectivity of atoms. They feature same side groups placed on the same side of a double bond. Trans isomers feature molecules with same side groups placed on opposite sides of a double bond.
What are conformers?
A conformer is an isomer of a molecule that differs from another isomer by the rotation of a single bond in the molecule. These are characterised by a conformation that corresponds to a distinct potential energy minimum.
What are Rotamers?
Rotamers are conformational isomers that differ by rotation about only a single σ bond.
What are competitive enzyme inhibitors?
The competitive inhibitor binds to the active site and prevents the substrate from binding there.
What are noncompetitive enzyme inhibitors?
The noncompetitive inhibitor binds to a different site on the enzyme; it doesn’t block substrate binding, but it causes other changes in the enzyme so that it can no longer catalyze the reaction efficiently.
