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Microbiology > Lecture 3- > Flashcards

Lecture 3- Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

True or False. The cell membrane is completely made up of fats

A

False, it is 50% fats and 50% proteins

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2
Q

Why is it important to maintain membrane fluidity?

A

Because if it is too rigid then it won’t work correctly and if it is too fluid it will pop

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3
Q

What functions do cell membrane proteins have?

A
  • Structural Support
  • Detecting nutrients
  • Secretion and communication
  • Ion transport and energy storage
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4
Q

What are the 2 main ways that things can get across the cell membrane?

A
  • Passive Transport -> moving ALONG the gradient

- Active Transport -> moving AGAINST the gradient

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5
Q

How is Cotransport different than Coupling?

A
  • Cotransport -> is transporting another molecule with the original molecule
  • Coupling -> is transport that uses energy from another mechanism to move molecule against its gradient
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6
Q

What lipid gives the ends of bacteria the rounded shape?

A

Cardiolipin

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7
Q

Fill in the blank. The more ____ in the membrane lipids then the more _____ it is.

A

-Kinks, fluid

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8
Q

What type of structures cause the membrane to become more ridged?

A

Cyclic Structures in the membrane lipids

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9
Q

True or False. A bacteria in a really hot environment would have more unsaturated lipids in its membrane.

A

False, it would have more SATURATED

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10
Q

How are Archaea lipids different than bacteria?

A
  • The fatty acids and glycerol are connected via ETHER
  • Terpenoids have a methyl branch every 4th carbon
  • Bilayers can fuse to become one layer
  • Terpenoids can cyclize into cyclopentane rings
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11
Q

What is the purpose of the cell wall?

a) Nothing
b) Protection from other bacteria
c) Protection from osmotic pressure
d) Structural support
e) Two of the above

A

E, both c and d

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12
Q

What is the cell wall made up of?

A

Peptidoglycan (N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid) with protein cross bridges between 3rd and 4th amino acid

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13
Q

How does Penicillin damage the formation of the cell wall?

A

The drug blocks the formation of protein cross bridges by not allowing Alanine to release

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14
Q

How does Vancomycin damage the formation of the cell wall?

A

The drug blocks the formation of protein cross bridges by binding 2 Alanines together

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15
Q

True or False. The cell wall is the same in all microbes.

A

False, Bacteria can have 2 different types cell wall thickness (Gram positive & Gram Negative) and Mycobacteria have multilayered cell walls

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16
Q

Why does Gram positive bacteria keep the purple stain?

A

Because of the teichoic acid present in the cell wall. The negative charge from the acid attracts the positively charged stain

17
Q

Fill in the Blanks. ________ bacteria has _______ to help contain the shape as well as _______ osmotic stress

A

-Gram Positive, S-layer, prevent

18
Q

What defense mechanism does Gram Negative bacteria have?

A
  • Outer membrane (This is where toxins are stored/ produced)
    - Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
    - Porins
  • Inner membrane
    - Lipoprotein
19
Q

True or False. The nucleoid is stay only in one area

A

False, the nucleoid can extend into the cytoplasm

20
Q

In bacteria, Transcription and Translation are…

a) separate
b) coupled
c) doesn’t happen

A

B

21
Q

What is transertion?

A

It is the translating, transcription and membrane insertion of a protein on the cell membrane

22
Q

True or False. Bacteria do NOT age

A

False, each pole of the bacteria are chemically different and therefore are different ages

23
Q

How many replisomes are present during binary fission?

A

2

24
Q

What is the purpose of FTS-Z

A

To initiate cell division by forming a ring

25
Q

What microbes have thylakoids?

A

-Algae and Bacteria (Cyanobacteria)

26
Q

What microbes have carboxysomes?

A

-Bacteria

27
Q

What is the purpose of Gas vesicles that are seen in some photosynthesis microbes?

A

Helps them increase their buoyancy and stay where the light is

28
Q

What type of microbes use pili?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

Microbiology (6 decks)

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