lecture 3 Flashcards
alleles related to reproductive failure
will disappear over time from population and maybe even genome
fitnesses
how successful individual is at passing on its heritable genes to next gen
(reproductive success and genetic success)
3 essential parts of fitness
1) survival of individual
2) survival of offspring
3) mating sucess
does selection happen at group level
NO- its all about individual cost/benefit trade-offs
approaches to studying behaviour
observational approach- inherently correlational approach
experimental approach- manipulate environment
comparative approach- provide info about evolutionary history
observational approach
mobbing behaviour in seagulls watch interactions bw crows and gulls and eggs
experimental manipulation
place eggs different distances from gull nests and observe difference in behaviours
comparative approach
look at common ancestors
NB- least evolutionary changes always is better hypothesis when analysing
convergent evolution
different ancestors but same functional output
divergent evolution
shared ancestors but district divergent behaviour
Tinbergens 4 questions
proximate- how are behaviour thats manifested
1) mechanism- genetics
2) acquisition- innate/learned
ultimate- why do behavioural traits evolve
3) function- current adaptive value
4) history- evolutionary origins
simplistic view of behavioural evolution
NS among individuals is the only important cause for behavioural evolution
integrative view
organisms are not perfect bundles of adaptations, rather evolution tweaks existing (inherited) imperfect systems
the sword tail fish main point
pre existing bias hypothesis
females have pref for long tails but could be due to making fish look bigger
