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PLANT PATHOLOGY > Lecture 2b > Flashcards

Lecture 2b Flashcards

1
Q

Fungi are ______ microorganisms

A

Achlorophyllous (no chlorophyll)

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2
Q

2 Structures of Fungi

A

1) Microscopic

2) Macroscopic

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3
Q

2 examples of microscopic structures

A
  1. Hyphae

2. Spores

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4
Q

2 examples of macroscopic structures

A

1) Mycelia
2) Rhizomorph
3) Fruiting bodies

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5
Q

Fungi are ___trophs

A

heterotrophs

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6
Q

Fungi are either _____ or _____

A

1) Parasites

2) Saprophytes

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7
Q

Fungi produces ___

A

enzymes

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8
Q

Fungi has a _____ (organelle)

A

cell wall

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9
Q

Unicellular fungi

A

Yeasts

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9
Q

Unicellular fungi

A

Yeasts

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10
Q

What makes up fungi cells? (3)

A
  1. Chitin
  2. Glucans
  3. Glycoproteins
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11
Q

4 Vegetative structures of Fungi

A
  1. Filamentous hyphae
  2. Mycelia
  3. Rhizomorph
  4. Sclerotial bodies
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12
Q

2 types of reproduction of fungi

A
  1. Asexual

2. Sexual

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12
Q

2 types of reproduction of fungi

A
  1. Asexual

2. Sexual

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13
Q

2 Reproductive structures of fungi

A
  1. Spores

2. Fruiting bodies

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14
Q

4 Fungal Divisions

A
  1. Zygomycota
  2. Ascomycota
  3. Basidiomycota
  4. Deuteromycota
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15
Q

3 Common names of Zygomycota

A

black molds/pin molds/bread molds

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16
Q

Type of hyphae of zygomycota

A

coenocytic/non-septated hyphae

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17
Q

Contains sex cells of Zygomycota

A

Gametangia

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18
Q

Asexual spores of Zygomycota

A

Sporangiospores

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19
Q

Sexual spores of Zygomycota

A

Zygospores

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20
Q

Where do sporangiospores form?

A

Inside sporangium

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21
Q

Zygomycota causes? (2)

A
  1. Fruit decay

2. Seed decay

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22
Q

2 Representative genera of Zygomycota

A
  1. Rhizopus

2. Mucor

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23
Q

Common name of Ascomycota

A

Sac fungi

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24
Q

Type of hyphae of Ascomycota

A

Septated hyphae

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25
Q

Asexual spores of ascomycota

A

Conidiospores

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26
Q

Where do conidiospores form?

A

Tip of conidiophores

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27
Q

Sexual spores of Ascomycota

A

Ascospores

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28
Q

Where do ascospores form?

A

Inside Ascus

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29
Q

Ascomycota can cause? (2)

A
  1. Seed decay
  2. Fruit decay
  3. Wood decay
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30
Q

2 Representative genera of Ascomycota

A
  1. Peziza

2. Xylaria

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31
Q

Other term for peziza

A

Cup fungus

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32
Q

Other term for Xylaria

A

Deadman’s finger

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33
Q

3 Types of Ascocarps

A
  1. Apothecium
  2. Perithecium
  3. Cleistothecium
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34
Q

Type of ascocarp of peziza

A

Apothecium

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35
Q

Type of ascocarp of Xylaria

A

Perithecium

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36
Q

Ascocarp type of Erysiphe sp.

A

Cleistothecium

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37
Q

Disease caused by Erysiphe sp.

A

Powdery mildew

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38
Q

Other term for Basidiomycota

A

Club fungi

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39
Q

Type of hyphae of Basidiomycota

A

Septated hyphae

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40
Q

Asexual spores of Basidiomycota

A

Conidiospores

41
Q

Sexual spores of Basidiomycota

A

Basidiospores

42
Q

Where do basidiospores form

A

Outside basidium

43
Q

Basidiomycota causes? (3)

A
  1. Wood decay
  2. Canker
  3. Gall rust
44
Q

6 Representative Genera of Basidiomycota

A
  1. Ganoderma
  2. Polyporus
  3. Pyncnoporus
  4. Fomes
  5. Corticium
  6. Uromycladium
45
Q

Common name of Deuteromycota

A

Imperfect fungi

46
Q

Asexual spores of Deuteromycota

A

Conidiospores

47
Q

What do Deuteromycetes lack?

A

Sexual spores

48
Q

2 genera producing sclerotia instead of conidiospores

A
  1. Sclerotium

2. Rhizoctonia

49
Q

Deuteromycota causes? (5)

A
  1. Damping-off
  2. Root rot of seedlings
  3. Leaf spot
  4. Anthracnose
  5. Seed and fruit decay
50
Q

Give an example of Deuteromycetes

A

Sclerotium rolfsii

51
Q

How do bacteria multiply?

A

Binary fission

52
Q

Bacteria possess _____ (organelle)

A

Cell wall

53
Q

Bacteria produce ____

A

enzymes

54
Q

3 forms of bacteria

A
  1. Coccus (round)
  2. Bacillus (rod)
  3. Spirillum (spiral)
55
Q

With thin peptidoglycan cell wall which itself is surrounded by an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide/endotoxin

A

Gram-negative bacteria

56
Q

3 Examples of gram-negative bacteria

A
  1. Erwinia
  2. Pseudomonas
  3. Xanthomonas
57
Q

Lack outer membrane but surrounded by thick layers of peptidoglycan

A

Gram-positive bacteria

58
Q

2 Examples of Gram-positive bacteria

A
  1. Staphylococcus aureus

2. Streptomyces

59
Q

6 Examples of plant pathogenic genera

A
  1. Agrobacterium
  2. Corynebacterium
  3. Erwinia
  4. Pseudomonas
  5. Streptomyces
  6. Xanthomonas
60
Q

Viral particle is composed of what?

A

Nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA)

61
Q

Other term for nucleic acid of viruses

A

Virion

62
Q

Viruses do not produce ____

A

enzymes

63
Q

Can be seen only by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope

A

Ultramicroscopic

64
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A

Replication

65
Q

Viruses are named after their? (2)

A
  1. Host Plant

2. Symptom of disease

66
Q

2 Examples of viruses

A
  1. Papaya ringspot virus

2. Tobacco mosaic virus

67
Q

Few insects act as ____ of viral particles

A

vector

68
Q

Example of insects that are vectors of viral particles

A
  1. Grasshopper

2. Aphids

69
Q

Worm-like animals

A

Nematodes

70
Q

What covers the body of Nematodes?

A

Cuticle

71
Q

Characteristics of cuticle of nematodes?

A

Thin but resistant

72
Q

Nematodes produce _____

A

enzymes

73
Q

Habitat of nematodes

A

Soil

74
Q

Feeding structure of parasitic nematodes

A

Stylet

75
Q

Stylet is located on the ___ and connected to ____

A

Mouth, esophagus

76
Q

Nematodes causes? (2)

A

1) Root knot disease of succulent roots

2) Hypertrophy of roots

77
Q

Example of nematodes

A

Meloidogyne sp.

78
Q

3 Methods to collect nematodes from soil

A
  1. Baermann funnel
  2. Wet sieving
  3. Centrifuge method
79
Q

Parasitic plants produce ___ and ___

A

Flowers, seeds

80
Q

Types of dependence of higher parasitic plants? (2)

A
  1. Structural support

2. Food/nutrients

81
Q

Parasitic plants can be a bridge for transmission of ____

A

plant viruses

82
Q

Example of parasitic plants that can transmit viruses to plants

A

Dodders

83
Q

2 Types of Parasitic seed plants

A
  1. Mistletoes

2. Dodders

84
Q

Semi parasites; obtain water and nutrients from their host plants needed in photosynthesis

A

Mistletoes

85
Q

Conducting structures of mistletoes

A
  1. Haustoria

2. Sinkers

86
Q

3 Genera of Mistletoes

A
  1. Loranthus sp.
  2. Phoradendron sp.
  3. Viscum sp.
87
Q

Known to infect narra, teak, banaba, lanzones, rambutan, avocado, and yemane trees

A

Loranthus philippinensis

88
Q

Parasitic leafless vines

A

Dodders

89
Q

little to no chlorophyll and no true roots thus depend entirely on host for survival

A

Holoparasite

90
Q

Dodders are vector of plant virus via

transmission in the ______ which connects the ____ cell cytoplasm

A

plasmodesmata, haustoria-host

90
Q

Dodders are vector of plant virus via

transmission in the ______ which connects the ____ cell cytoplasm

A

plasmodesmata, haustoria-host

91
Q

Example of dodder species

A

Cuscuta sp.

92
Q

Kingdom of Phylum Oomycota

A

Stramenophila

93
Q

Common name of Oomycota

A

Water molds

94
Q

Type of hyphae of Oomycota

A

Coenocytic hyphae

95
Q

Oomycota produce _____

A

enzymes

96
Q

Oomycota has no ____

A

chloroplast

97
Q

2 parts of gametangia of Oomycota

A
  1. oogonium (female)

2. antheridium (male)

98
Q

Asexual spores of Oomycota

A

Zoospores

99
Q

Sexual spores of Oomycota

A

Oospores

100
Q

Oomycota causes what

A
  1. Damping-off

2. Blight

101
Q

Representative genera of Oomycota

A
  1. Pythium

2. Phythoptora

PLANT PATHOLOGY (4 decks)

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