Lecture 2b Flashcards
1
Q
Fungi are ______ microorganisms
A
Achlorophyllous (no chlorophyll)
2
Q
2 Structures of Fungi
A
1) Microscopic
2) Macroscopic
3
Q
2 examples of microscopic structures
A
- Hyphae
2. Spores
4
Q
2 examples of macroscopic structures
A
1) Mycelia
2) Rhizomorph
3) Fruiting bodies
5
Q
Fungi are ___trophs
A
heterotrophs
6
Q
Fungi are either _____ or _____
A
1) Parasites
2) Saprophytes
7
Q
Fungi produces ___
A
enzymes
8
Q
Fungi has a _____ (organelle)
A
cell wall
9
Q
Unicellular fungi
A
Yeasts
9
Q
Unicellular fungi
A
Yeasts
10
Q
What makes up fungi cells? (3)
A
- Chitin
- Glucans
- Glycoproteins
11
Q
4 Vegetative structures of Fungi
A
- Filamentous hyphae
- Mycelia
- Rhizomorph
- Sclerotial bodies
12
Q
2 types of reproduction of fungi
A
- Asexual
2. Sexual
12
Q
2 types of reproduction of fungi
A
- Asexual
2. Sexual
13
Q
2 Reproductive structures of fungi
A
- Spores
2. Fruiting bodies
14
Q
4 Fungal Divisions
A
- Zygomycota
- Ascomycota
- Basidiomycota
- Deuteromycota
15
Q
3 Common names of Zygomycota
A
black molds/pin molds/bread molds
16
Q
Type of hyphae of zygomycota
A
coenocytic/non-septated hyphae
17
Q
Contains sex cells of Zygomycota
A
Gametangia
18
Q
Asexual spores of Zygomycota
A
Sporangiospores
19
Q
Sexual spores of Zygomycota
A
Zygospores
20
Q
Where do sporangiospores form?
A
Inside sporangium
21
Q
Zygomycota causes? (2)
A
- Fruit decay
2. Seed decay
22
Q
2 Representative genera of Zygomycota
A
- Rhizopus
2. Mucor
23
Common name of Ascomycota
Sac fungi
24
Type of hyphae of Ascomycota
Septated hyphae
25
Asexual spores of ascomycota
Conidiospores
26
Where do conidiospores form?
Tip of conidiophores
27
Sexual spores of Ascomycota
Ascospores
28
Where do ascospores form?
Inside Ascus
29
Ascomycota can cause? (2)
1. Seed decay
2. Fruit decay
3. Wood decay
30
2 Representative genera of Ascomycota
1. Peziza
| 2. Xylaria
31
Other term for peziza
Cup fungus
32
Other term for Xylaria
Deadman's finger
33
3 Types of Ascocarps
1. Apothecium
2. Perithecium
3. Cleistothecium
34
Type of ascocarp of peziza
Apothecium
35
Type of ascocarp of Xylaria
Perithecium
36
Ascocarp type of Erysiphe sp.
Cleistothecium
37
Disease caused by Erysiphe sp.
Powdery mildew
38
Other term for Basidiomycota
Club fungi
39
Type of hyphae of Basidiomycota
Septated hyphae
40
Asexual spores of Basidiomycota
Conidiospores
41
Sexual spores of Basidiomycota
Basidiospores
42
Where do basidiospores form
Outside basidium
43
Basidiomycota causes? (3)
1. Wood decay
2. Canker
3. Gall rust
44
6 Representative Genera of Basidiomycota
1. Ganoderma
2. Polyporus
3. Pyncnoporus
4. Fomes
5. Corticium
6. Uromycladium
45
Common name of Deuteromycota
Imperfect fungi
46
Asexual spores of Deuteromycota
Conidiospores
47
What do Deuteromycetes lack?
Sexual spores
48
2 genera producing sclerotia instead of conidiospores
1. Sclerotium
| 2. Rhizoctonia
49
Deuteromycota causes? (5)
1. Damping-off
2. Root rot of seedlings
3. Leaf spot
4. Anthracnose
5. Seed and fruit decay
50
Give an example of Deuteromycetes
Sclerotium rolfsii
51
How do bacteria multiply?
Binary fission
52
Bacteria possess _____ (organelle)
Cell wall
53
Bacteria produce ____
enzymes
54
3 forms of bacteria
1. Coccus (round)
2. Bacillus (rod)
3. Spirillum (spiral)
55
With thin peptidoglycan cell wall which itself is surrounded by an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide/endotoxin
Gram-negative bacteria
56
3 Examples of gram-negative bacteria
1. Erwinia
2. Pseudomonas
3. Xanthomonas
57
Lack outer membrane but surrounded by thick layers of peptidoglycan
Gram-positive bacteria
58
2 Examples of Gram-positive bacteria
1. Staphylococcus aureus
| 2. Streptomyces
59
6 Examples of plant pathogenic genera
1. Agrobacterium
2. Corynebacterium
3. Erwinia
4. Pseudomonas
5. Streptomyces
6. Xanthomonas
60
Viral particle is composed of what?
Nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA)
61
Other term for nucleic acid of viruses
Virion
62
Viruses do not produce ____
enzymes
63
Can be seen only by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope
Ultramicroscopic
64
How do viruses reproduce?
Replication
65
Viruses are named after their? (2)
1. Host Plant
| 2. Symptom of disease
66
2 Examples of viruses
1. Papaya ringspot virus
| 2. Tobacco mosaic virus
67
Few insects act as ____ of viral particles
vector
68
Example of insects that are vectors of viral particles
1. Grasshopper
| 2. Aphids
69
Worm-like animals
Nematodes
70
What covers the body of Nematodes?
Cuticle
71
Characteristics of cuticle of nematodes?
Thin but resistant
72
Nematodes produce _____
enzymes
73
Habitat of nematodes
Soil
74
Feeding structure of parasitic nematodes
Stylet
75
Stylet is located on the ___ and connected to ____
Mouth, esophagus
76
Nematodes causes? (2)
1) Root knot disease of succulent roots
| 2) Hypertrophy of roots
77
Example of nematodes
Meloidogyne sp.
78
3 Methods to collect nematodes from soil
1. Baermann funnel
2. Wet sieving
3. Centrifuge method
79
Parasitic plants produce ___ and ___
Flowers, seeds
80
Types of dependence of higher parasitic plants? (2)
1. Structural support
| 2. Food/nutrients
81
Parasitic plants can be a bridge for transmission of ____
plant viruses
82
Example of parasitic plants that can transmit viruses to plants
Dodders
83
2 Types of Parasitic seed plants
1. Mistletoes
| 2. Dodders
84
Semi parasites; obtain water and nutrients from their host plants needed in photosynthesis
Mistletoes
85
Conducting structures of mistletoes
1. Haustoria
| 2. Sinkers
86
3 Genera of Mistletoes
1. Loranthus sp.
2. Phoradendron sp.
3. Viscum sp.
87
Known to infect narra, teak, banaba, lanzones, rambutan, avocado, and yemane trees
Loranthus philippinensis
88
Parasitic leafless vines
Dodders
89
little to no chlorophyll and no true roots thus depend entirely on host for survival
Holoparasite
90
Dodders are vector of plant virus via
| transmission in the ______ which connects the ____ cell cytoplasm
plasmodesmata, haustoria-host
90
Dodders are vector of plant virus via
| transmission in the ______ which connects the ____ cell cytoplasm
plasmodesmata, haustoria-host
91
Example of dodder species
Cuscuta sp.
92
Kingdom of Phylum Oomycota
Stramenophila
93
Common name of Oomycota
Water molds
94
Type of hyphae of Oomycota
Coenocytic hyphae
95
Oomycota produce _____
enzymes
96
Oomycota has no ____
chloroplast
97
2 parts of gametangia of Oomycota
1. oogonium (female)
| 2. antheridium (male)
98
Asexual spores of Oomycota
Zoospores
99
Sexual spores of Oomycota
Oospores
100
Oomycota causes what
1. Damping-off
| 2. Blight
101
Representative genera of Oomycota
1. Pythium
| 2. Phythoptora
