Lecture 2a (Sullivan): CNS gross org, subdivisions, internal org

Question 1

Describe the directional flow of information

Answer 1

Afferent ARRIVES

Efferent EXITS

Question 2

Describe the major divisions of the Nervous system

Answer 2

PNS vs CNS

Somatic sensory
somatic motor
autonomic sensory
autonomic motor

Question 3

What are the parts of and their respective subdivisions of the CNS?

Answer 3

BRAIN
forebrain- telencephalon, diencephalon
brainstem- midbrain, pins, medulla
cerebellum

SPINAL CORD
cervical, thoracic,lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Question 4

TELENCEPHALON components

Answer 4

cerebral cortex
deep forebrain nuclei
amygdala
septal nuclei
nucleus accumbent
caudate
globus pallidus
putamen

Question 5

DIENCEPHALON components

Answer 5

epithalamus
thalamus
hypothalamus
subthalamus

Question 6

BRAIN STEM components

Answer 6

midbrain
pons
medulla

Question 7

PNS components

Answer 7

12 cranial nerves

31 spinal nerve pairs

Question 8

Lobes of the cerebrum

main gyri and sulci

Answer 8

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, insular

lateral fissure,
central fissure
pre-occipital notch,
parieto-occipital sulcus

pre- and post- central gyri

Question 9

describe the LIMBIC LOBE

Answer 9

the limbic lobe encapsulates the diencephalon and corpus callosum

it is is enclosed by the cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus and the cingulate sulcus and collateral sulcus

Question 10

describe the location of the INSULAR lobe

Answer 10

the insular lobe is deep to the cerebral cortex

Question 11

LIST and Describe the BASIC FUNCTIONS of the Cortical LOBES

Answer 11

Frontal- executive func., personality
Parietal- somatosensory
Temporal- audition, language comprehension
Occipital- vision
Limbic- emotion, memory
Insula- pain, visceral sensation, taste/smell integration

Question 12

What is comprises the internal structure of the cerebrum?

Answer 12

White matter: axons

gray matter: cell bodies and proximal dendrites

Question 13

TELENCEPHALON components

Answer 13

caudate
amygdala
cerebral cortex
globus pallidus
nucleus accumbens
putamen

Question 14

DIENCEPHALON components

Answer 14

Epithalamus
(Dorsal) Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus

Question 15

Characterize MENINGES and its Functions

Answer 15

derived from neural crest cells
cover entire CNS

3 main functions
protect
enclose subarachnoid space
support vascular elements

Dura, arachnoid, pia

Question 16

DURA MATER layers and specializations

Answer 16

Periosteal and Meningeal

falx cerebri
falx cerebelli
tentorium cerebelli
dural venous sinuses

Question 17

main parts of dural SINUSES

Answer 17

superior sagittal sinus
inferior sagittal sinus
straight sinus
transverse sinus
sigmoid sinus (to IJV)
cavernous sinus

Question 18

ARACHNOID mater characteristics

Answer 18

between dura and Pia

contains CSF (subarachnoid space)

has blood vessels

Question 19

Arachnoid mater specialization?

Answer 19

granulations resorb CSF and return fluids into venous circulation

Question 20

PIA MATER

Answer 20

attached to surface of brain

Question 21

List the main VENTRICLES of the brain

Answer 21

Lateral ventricles
third ventricle
(cerebral aqueduct)
fourth ventricle

Question 22

What are some characteristics of the VENTRICULAR SYSTEM?

Answer 22

Choroid plexus make CSF

CSF fills subarachnoid space

Question 23

What are some characteristics of CSF?

Answer 23

prevents weight of brain from pressing on nerves and vessels at base

homeostatic functions
HIGH Na+, and Cl-
LOW Ca++, Mg++ and glucose
LOW protein
No cells

Question 24

LATERAL VENTRICLES

Answer 24

anterior, posterior, and inferior horns are all connected at the trigone
inter ventricular foramina connect the lateral and third ventricles

Question 25

THIRD VENTRICLE

Answer 25

massa intermedia is mass in the middle of third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct is where CSF exits third ventricle

Question 26

Fourth ventricle

Answer 26

caudal to cerebral aqueduct median aperture and lateral recess of fourth ventricle and lateral apertures

Question 27

Flow of CSF

Answer 27

450 to 500 ml secreted by choroid plexus flows out of the three apertures in the fourth ventricle (2 lateral recesses and one midline) circulates in the subarachnoid space and flows out of the one-way valves in the arachnoid granulations

Question 28

what is the CORTICAL ANGIOME?

Answer 28

an interconnected vascular network with non columnar patterns of blood flow

Question 29

Two major ARTERIAL SUPPLY to brain?

Answer 29

vertebral a. and internal carotid a. (both of these are branches of subclavian artery)

Question 30

major arteries in the brain

Answer 30

``` vertebral artery Basilar artery (PICA and AICA) posterior cerebral posterior communicating middle cerebral (internal carotid) anterior cerebral (anterior communicating) ```