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537 Neuro > Lecture 2a (Sullivan): CNS gross org, subdivisions, internal org > Flashcards

Lecture 2a (Sullivan): CNS gross org, subdivisions, internal org Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the directional flow of information

A

Afferent ARRIVES

Efferent EXITS

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2
Q

Describe the major divisions of the Nervous system

A

PNS vs CNS

Somatic sensory
somatic motor
autonomic sensory
autonomic motor

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3
Q

What are the parts of and their respective subdivisions of the CNS?

A

BRAIN
forebrain- telencephalon, diencephalon
brainstem- midbrain, pins, medulla
cerebellum

SPINAL CORD
cervical, thoracic,lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

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4
Q

TELENCEPHALON components

A 
cerebral cortex
deep forebrain nuclei
amygdala
septal nuclei
nucleus accumbent
caudate
globus pallidus
putamen
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5
Q

DIENCEPHALON components

A

epithalamus
thalamus
hypothalamus
subthalamus

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6
Q

BRAIN STEM components

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

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7
Q

PNS components

A

12 cranial nerves

31 spinal nerve pairs

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8
Q

Lobes of the cerebrum

main gyri and sulci

A

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, insular

lateral fissure,
central fissure
pre-occipital notch,
parieto-occipital sulcus

pre- and post- central gyri

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9
Q

describe the LIMBIC LOBE

A

the limbic lobe encapsulates the diencephalon and corpus callosum

it is is enclosed by the cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus and the cingulate sulcus and collateral sulcus

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10
Q

describe the location of the INSULAR lobe

A

the insular lobe is deep to the cerebral cortex

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11
Q

LIST and Describe the BASIC FUNCTIONS of the Cortical LOBES

A

Frontal- executive func., personality
Parietal- somatosensory
Temporal- audition, language comprehension
Occipital- vision
Limbic- emotion, memory
Insula- pain, visceral sensation, taste/smell integration

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12
Q

What is comprises the internal structure of the cerebrum?

A

White matter: axons

gray matter: cell bodies and proximal dendrites

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13
Q

TELENCEPHALON components

A 
caudate
amygdala
cerebral cortex
globus pallidus
nucleus accumbens
putamen
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14
Q

DIENCEPHALON components

A

Epithalamus
(Dorsal) Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus

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15
Q

Characterize MENINGES and its Functions

A

derived from neural crest cells
cover entire CNS

3 main functions
protect
enclose subarachnoid space
support vascular elements

Dura, arachnoid, pia

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16
Q

DURA MATER layers and specializations

A

Periosteal and Meningeal

falx cerebri
falx cerebelli
tentorium cerebelli
dural venous sinuses

17
Q

main parts of dural SINUSES

A 
superior sagittal sinus
inferior sagittal sinus
straight sinus
transverse sinus
sigmoid sinus (to IJV)
cavernous sinus
18
Q

ARACHNOID mater characteristics

A

between dura and Pia

contains CSF (subarachnoid space)

has blood vessels

19
Q

Arachnoid mater specialization?

A

granulations resorb CSF and return fluids into venous circulation

20
Q

PIA MATER

A

attached to surface of brain

21
Q

List the main VENTRICLES of the brain

A

Lateral ventricles
third ventricle
(cerebral aqueduct)
fourth ventricle

22
Q

What are some characteristics of the VENTRICULAR SYSTEM?

A

Choroid plexus make CSF

CSF fills subarachnoid space

23
Q

What are some characteristics of CSF?

A

prevents weight of brain from pressing on nerves and vessels at base

homeostatic functions
HIGH Na+, and Cl-
LOW Ca++, Mg++ and glucose
LOW protein
No cells
24
Q

LATERAL VENTRICLES

A

anterior, posterior, and inferior horns are all connected at the trigone
inter ventricular foramina connect the lateral and third ventricles

25
Q

THIRD VENTRICLE

A

massa intermedia is mass in the middle of third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct is where CSF exits third ventricle

26
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

caudal to cerebral aqueduct

median aperture and lateral recess of fourth ventricle and lateral apertures

27
Q

Flow of CSF

A

450 to 500 ml secreted by choroid plexus
flows out of the three apertures in the fourth ventricle (2 lateral recesses and one midline)
circulates in the subarachnoid space and flows out of the one-way valves in the arachnoid granulations

28
Q

what is the CORTICAL ANGIOME?

A

an interconnected vascular network with non columnar patterns of blood flow

29
Q

Two major ARTERIAL SUPPLY to brain?

A

vertebral a. and internal carotid a. (both of these are branches of subclavian artery)

30
Q

major arteries in the brain

A 
vertebral artery 
Basilar artery (PICA and AICA)
posterior cerebral
posterior communicating
middle cerebral (internal carotid)
anterior cerebral (anterior communicating)

537 Neuro (5 decks)

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