Lecture 2A: Introduction to the Microbial World Flashcards
elements of microbial structure
- cytoplasmic (cell/plasma) membrane
- cytoplasm
- ribosomes
barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment
cytoplasmic (cell/plasma) membrane
matrix of macromolecules, small organics, ions, and ribosomes inside cell, with water as the major component
cytoplasm
protein-synthesizing structures
ribosomes
no membrane-enclosed compartments (organelle), no nucleus
prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea)
- plants, animals, algae, protozoa, fungi
- contain organelles
- DNA enclosed in a membrane-bound compartment = nucleus
eukaryotes
What is an organelle?
- sub-cellular
- specialized function
- morphologically and chemically
consistent structure across life forms
Distinguishing Features of Procaryotic Cells: DNA is
- Not enclosed within a nuclear membrane.
- A single circular chromosome.
- Not associated with histone proteins.
Prokaryotic cells:
- ___ of membrane-enclosed organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi, etc.
- Cell walls usually contain ___, a complex polysaccharide, or ___or S-layer
- Divide by ___
- lacks
- peptidoglycan
- pseudopeptidoglycan
- binary fission
Eukaryotic cells: DNA is…
- Enclosed within a nuclear membrane.
- Several linear chromosomes.
- Associated with histones and other proteins.
a cell’s full complement of genes
genome
(extrachromosomal DNA) that confer
special properties (e.g., antibiotic
`resistance)
plasmids
prokaryotic cell’s DNA generally have single circular chromosome that aggregates to form the __
nucleoid region
The properties of microbial cells. Major activities ongoing in cells in the microbial community
- metabolism
- growth
- evolution
- differentiation
- communication
- genetic exchange
- motility
cells take up nutrients, transform them, and expel wastes
1. genetic (___,___,___)
2. catalytic (___,___)
METABOLISM
- replication
- transcription
- translation
- energy
- biosyntheses