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Neuroanatomy > Lecture 2A/B - Anatomy - Quiz 1/2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2A/B - Anatomy - Quiz 1/2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

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2
Q

T/F - The parasympathetic division constricts the pupils and bronchi

A

True

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3
Q

T/F - The parasympathetic division stimulates intestinal mobility and salivary flow

A

True

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4
Q

T/F - The sympathetic division accelerates heart rate and dilates bronchi

A

True

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5
Q

T/F - The sympathetic division stimulates tear glands

A

True

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6
Q

T/F - There are about 1000 types of neurons

A

True

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7
Q

T/F - Local interneurons have short or no axons

A

True

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8
Q

T/F - Local interneurons are always inhibitory

A

False - local interneurons can be inhibitory or excitatory

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9
Q

T/F - Output neurons transmit information at a distance

A

True

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10
Q

T/F - Neuronal morphology is closely related to neuronal function

A

True

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11
Q

T/F - Unipolar neurons have a single axon which branches into the equivalent of dendrites

A

True

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12
Q

T/F - Bipolar neurons have distinct dendrites and axons

A

True

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13
Q

T/F - Multipolar cells have one main axon and many dendrites

A

True

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14
Q

T/F - Purkinje cells are multipolar cells

A

Ture

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15
Q

T/F - The cell body contains the endoplasmic reticulum

A

True

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16
Q

T/F - The dendrites are the site of most synaptic contact with input neurons

A

True

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17
Q

T/F - The axon hillock is the site of initiation of the action potential

A

True

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18
Q

T/F - Synaptic contact onto the cell body can profoundly affect generation of an action potential

A

True

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19
Q

T/F - the membrane is a lipid bilayer

A

True

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20
Q

T/F - the membrane is spanned by ion channels and ion pumps

A

True

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21
Q

T/F - ion channels may be open or closed

A

True

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22
Q

T/F - the membrane electrical potential difference is determined by the action of the ion pumps and the state of the ion channels

A

True

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23
Q

T/F - the cell membrane of an axon is in direct physical contact with the cell membrane of the target cell

A

False - the dendrite of the input cell secretes neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft; the neurotransmitters diffuse across the cleft and bind to receptors on the target cell.

24
Q

T/F - information is transmitted across the synapse through the flow of electrical current

A

False - information is transmitted along the axon through the flow of electrical current; information is transmitted across the synapse through neurotransmitters

25
Q

T/F - neurotransmitters are electrically charged

A

False - neurotransmitters are electrically neutral

26
Q

T/F - most synapses are located on the axon of a target cell

A

False - most synapses are located on the dendrites of the target cell

27
Q

T/F - the action potential which is propagated down the length of an axon initiates release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

A

True

28
Q

T/F - neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles with walls that can merge seamlessly with the cell membrane

A

True

29
Q

T/F - neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptor sites in ion channels of the target cell

A

True

30
Q

T/F - once bound to target cell ion channels, all neurotransmitters become a permanent part of the target cell structure

A

False - neurotransmitters will release from the target cell ion channels back into the synaptic cleft, where they will be reabsorbed into the input cell and recycled

31
Q

T/F - development of the nervous system depends on gene expression

A

True

32
Q

T/F - gene expression depends on endogenous but not exogenous cues

A

False - gene expression depends on both endogenous and exogenous cues

33
Q

T/F - developmental stages can be studied in simple organisms

A

True

34
Q

T/F - the function of individual genes can be tested in transgenic animals

A

True

35
Q

T/F - the nervous system develops from the endoderm

A

False - the nervous system develops from the ectoderm

36
Q

T/F - the neural plate is patterned along both dorsoventral and rostrocaudal dimensions

A

True

37
Q

T/F - gene expression is critical for neural development

A

True

38
Q

T/F - neurons migrate throughout the brain to form the final stucture

A

True

39
Q

T/F - formation and preservation of synapses depends on the firing pattern of neurons

A

True

40
Q

T/F - the nervous system develops from a single layer of cells in the ecoderm

A

True

41
Q

T/F - the neural plate folds to form a groove and then closes to form the neural tube

A

True

42
Q

T/F - the mesoderm becomes connective tissue, muscle, and vascular structures

A

True

43
Q

T/F - the endoderm becomes the gut, lungs, and liver

A

True

44
Q

T/F - the five-vesicle stage is so primitive that there is no association with adult brain areas

A

False - each of the five vesicles develop into distinct brain structures

45
Q

T/F - the thalamus, hypothalamus, retina, and optic nerves develop from the diencephalon

A

True

46
Q

T/F - the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and amygdala develop from the telencephalon

A

True

47
Q

T/F - the cerebellum and the pons develop from the metencephalon

A

True

48
Q

T/F - both neurons and glia have a common origin as neural crest cells

A

True

49
Q

T/F - neurons encourage the growth of glia by secreting glial growth factor (GGF)

A

True

50
Q

T/F - glial growth factor (GGF) discourages more differentiation of neurons

A

True

51
Q

T/F - chemical feedback balances the numbers of neurons and glia

A

True

52
Q

T/F - the cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb both develop from the telencephalon

A

True

53
Q

T/F - neurons are generated in a region adjacent to the ventricles of the brain

A

True

54
Q

T/F - neurons initially migrate into a region that becomes the cerebral cortex in a random fashion

A

False - neurons initially migrate into a region that becomes the deepest layers of the cortical plate; later stage neurons migrate past the first wave of neurons and become the more superficial layers of the cortex

55
Q

T/F - the termination of the neurons in layers of the cortex occurs in a random fashion

A

False - the later stage neurons follow the axons of the early stage neurons and terminate once they reach the most superficial layer

Neuroanatomy (11 decks)

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