Lecture 2A/B - Anatomy - Quiz 1/2 Flashcards
What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
T/F - The parasympathetic division constricts the pupils and bronchi
True
T/F - The parasympathetic division stimulates intestinal mobility and salivary flow
True
T/F - The sympathetic division accelerates heart rate and dilates bronchi
True
T/F - The sympathetic division stimulates tear glands
True
T/F - There are about 1000 types of neurons
True
T/F - Local interneurons have short or no axons
True
T/F - Local interneurons are always inhibitory
False - local interneurons can be inhibitory or excitatory
T/F - Output neurons transmit information at a distance
True
T/F - Neuronal morphology is closely related to neuronal function
True
T/F - Unipolar neurons have a single axon which branches into the equivalent of dendrites
True
T/F - Bipolar neurons have distinct dendrites and axons
True
T/F - Multipolar cells have one main axon and many dendrites
True
T/F - Purkinje cells are multipolar cells
Ture
T/F - The cell body contains the endoplasmic reticulum
True
T/F - The dendrites are the site of most synaptic contact with input neurons
True
T/F - The axon hillock is the site of initiation of the action potential
True
T/F - Synaptic contact onto the cell body can profoundly affect generation of an action potential
True
T/F - the membrane is a lipid bilayer
True
T/F - the membrane is spanned by ion channels and ion pumps
True
T/F - ion channels may be open or closed
True
T/F - the membrane electrical potential difference is determined by the action of the ion pumps and the state of the ion channels
True
T/F - the cell membrane of an axon is in direct physical contact with the cell membrane of the target cell
False - the dendrite of the input cell secretes neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft; the neurotransmitters diffuse across the cleft and bind to receptors on the target cell.
T/F - information is transmitted across the synapse through the flow of electrical current
False - information is transmitted along the axon through the flow of electrical current; information is transmitted across the synapse through neurotransmitters
T/F - neurotransmitters are electrically charged
False - neurotransmitters are electrically neutral
T/F - most synapses are located on the axon of a target cell
False - most synapses are located on the dendrites of the target cell
T/F - the action potential which is propagated down the length of an axon initiates release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft
True
T/F - neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles with walls that can merge seamlessly with the cell membrane
True
T/F - neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptor sites in ion channels of the target cell
True
T/F - once bound to target cell ion channels, all neurotransmitters become a permanent part of the target cell structure
False - neurotransmitters will release from the target cell ion channels back into the synaptic cleft, where they will be reabsorbed into the input cell and recycled
T/F - development of the nervous system depends on gene expression
True
T/F - gene expression depends on endogenous but not exogenous cues
False - gene expression depends on both endogenous and exogenous cues
T/F - developmental stages can be studied in simple organisms
True
T/F - the function of individual genes can be tested in transgenic animals
True
T/F - the nervous system develops from the endoderm
False - the nervous system develops from the ectoderm
T/F - the neural plate is patterned along both dorsoventral and rostrocaudal dimensions
True
T/F - gene expression is critical for neural development
True
T/F - neurons migrate throughout the brain to form the final stucture
True
T/F - formation and preservation of synapses depends on the firing pattern of neurons
True
T/F - the nervous system develops from a single layer of cells in the ecoderm
True
T/F - the neural plate folds to form a groove and then closes to form the neural tube
True
T/F - the mesoderm becomes connective tissue, muscle, and vascular structures
True
T/F - the endoderm becomes the gut, lungs, and liver
True
T/F - the five-vesicle stage is so primitive that there is no association with adult brain areas
False - each of the five vesicles develop into distinct brain structures
T/F - the thalamus, hypothalamus, retina, and optic nerves develop from the diencephalon
True
T/F - the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and amygdala develop from the telencephalon
True
T/F - the cerebellum and the pons develop from the metencephalon
True
T/F - both neurons and glia have a common origin as neural crest cells
True
T/F - neurons encourage the growth of glia by secreting glial growth factor (GGF)
True
T/F - glial growth factor (GGF) discourages more differentiation of neurons
True
T/F - chemical feedback balances the numbers of neurons and glia
True
T/F - the cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb both develop from the telencephalon
True
T/F - neurons are generated in a region adjacent to the ventricles of the brain
True
T/F - neurons initially migrate into a region that becomes the cerebral cortex in a random fashion
False - neurons initially migrate into a region that becomes the deepest layers of the cortical plate; later stage neurons migrate past the first wave of neurons and become the more superficial layers of the cortex
T/F - the termination of the neurons in layers of the cortex occurs in a random fashion
False - the later stage neurons follow the axons of the early stage neurons and terminate once they reach the most superficial layer
