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PSY1005: Sensation and Perception > Lecture 2A: > Flashcards

Lecture 2A: Flashcards

1
Q

Neuroanatomy

A

The structure and connectivity to the. nervous system

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2
Q

Neurophysiology

A

How neurons work and communicate

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3
Q

Nervous System

A

An interacting network of neurons that conveys electrochemical information throughout the body

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4
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS) (2)

A
  • The part of the nervous system that is composed of the brain and the spinal cord
  • It receives sensory information from the external world, processes and coordinates this information, and sends commands to the skeletal and muscular systems for action
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5
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) (2)

A
  • Connects the central nervous system to the body’s organs and muscles
  • Consists of somatic and autonomic nervous systems
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6
Q

Somatic Nervous System (5)

A
  • A set of nerves that convey information into and out of the central nervous system
  • Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles → humans have conscious control over this system and use it to coordinate behaviours
  • This system consists of nerves that:
    1. Transmit messages for motor movement from the CNS to the body
    2. Convey sensory information to the CNS
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7
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (4)

A
  • A set of nerves that carry involuntary and automatic commands that control blood vessels, body organs and glands
  • This system sends and receives messages to regulate the automatic behaviours of the body (eg. heart rate, digestion, blood pressure etc.)
  • Controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands
  • It is divided into two subsystems (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
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8
Q

Hindbrain

A

An area of the brain that coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord

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9
Q

Medulla (4)

A
  • An extension of the spinal cord into the skull that coordinates heart rate, circulation and respiration
  • Regulates our cardiovascular and respiratory systems (heartbeat, blood circulation and breathing rate)
  • Responsible for reflexes such as swallowing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting
  • Maintaining body balance by controlling head and limbs position with respect to gravity
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10
Q

Pons (3)

A
  • A brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain
  • Integrates information from movements of and sensations from facial muscles, tongue, eye and ear
  • Involved in regulating brain attentiveness levels and in initiating sleep and dreaming
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11
Q

Cerebellum (2)

A
  • A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills
  • Fine control and coordination of balance and movements using the information from muscles, joints and tendons
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12
Q

Forebrain (4)

A
  • Highest level of the brain
  • Critical for complex cognitive, emotional, sensory and motor functions
  • Most anterior part of the brain
  • Divided into 2 cerebral hemispheres (cerebral cortex and subcortical structures)
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13
Q

Cortex

A

The clearly visible part of the forebrain, the wrinkled surface

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14
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

The outermost layer of the brain, visible to the naked eye and divided into two hemispheres

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15
Q

Commissures

A

Bundles of axons that make communication possible between parallel areas of the cortex in each half

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16
Q

Corpus callosum

A

A thick band of nerve fibres that connects large areas of the cerebral cortex on each side of the brain and supports communication of information across the hemispheres

17
Q

Occipital lobe

A

A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information

18
Q

Parietal lobe

A

A region of the cerebral cortex who’s functions include processing information about touch

19
Q

Frontal lobe

A

A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialised areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory and judgement

20
Q

Temporal lobe

A

A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language

21
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

The outermost layer of the occipital lobe area where visual information is processed

22
Q

Somatosensory cortex (3)

A
  • The outermost layer of the parietal lobe containing a representation of the body map.
  • Represents skin areas of particular parts on the contralateral side of the body
  • More sensitive body part, larger part of cortex is devoted to it
23
Q

Motor cortex

A

A strip of brain tissue in the frontal lobe which represents and controls different skin and body areas on the contralateral side to the body

24
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

The outermost layer of the temporal lobe where auditory information is processed

25
Q

Contralateral control

A

Controlling functions on the opposite side of the body

26
Q

Subcortical structures

A

Areas of the forebrain housed under the cerebral cortex near the very centre of the brain

27
Q

Thalamus

A

A subcortical structure that relays and filters information from the sense and transmits the information to the cerebral cortex

28
Q

Basal ganglia (2)

A
  • A set of subcortical structures that direct intentional movements
  • Receive input from the cerebral cortex and send output to the motor centres in the brainstem
29
Q

Limbic System (2)

A
  • A group of forebrain structures which are involved in motivation, emotion, learning and memory
  • Hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus
30
Q

Hypothalamus

A

A subcortical structure that regulates body temperature, hunger, this and sexual behaviour

31
Q

Pituitary gland

A

‘Master gland’ of the body’s hormone-producing system, which releases hormones that direct the functions of many other glands in the body

32
Q

Hippocampus

A

A structure critical for creating new memories and integrating them into a new network of knowledge so that they can be stored indefinitely in other parts of the cerebral cortex

33
Q

Amygdala

A

A part of the limbic system, located at the tip of each horn of the hippocampus, that plays a central role in many emotional processes, particularly the formation of emotional memories

34
Q

Primary sensory projection areas

A

Serve as receiving stations for information arriving form body, eyes, ears, etc.

35
Q

Primary motor projection area

A

Departure point for signals to the muscles

36
Q

What determines how much of the cortex will be devoted to a particular body region or to a task?

A

The complexity of the task (NOT the physical size of the body part)

PSY1005: Sensation and Perception (4 decks)

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