Lecture 28 and 29 Flashcards
What is the TBW in males?
60%
What is the total body water in females?
55%
What portion of Total body water makes up the Extracellular fluid?
1/3
What portion of the body makes up intracellular fluid?
2/3
What should be found in normal urine?
- Water
- Salts
- metabolites
What should not be found in urine?
- Large proteins
- RBC
- Glucose
What are the main components of the urinary system?
- 2 Kidneys
- 2 Ureters
- Urinary Bladder
- Urethra
Where are the kidneys located?
At T12-L3 of the vertebra (11th and 12th rib)
The medial surface of the kidneys has a concave notch called the?
Hilum
What surrounds the kidney?
A fibrous capsule
How many functional lobes in the kidney?
5-11 lobes
A kidney lobe is made up largely of?
Nephrons.
Urine in the kidney drains from each ______ and collects in a ____
Papilla, calyx
Calyces join to form ____ ____
Renal pelvis
The pelvis in the kidney narrows as it exits the hilum to become the _____
Ureter
Filtration occurs in the ___ of the kidney
cortex
The afferent arteriole delivers blood from the _____ to the ______
arteries, glomerulus
The glomerulus is made of _____ _____ and is where filtration occurs
Glomerular capillaries
The efferent arteriole carries ___ from the ____ to the ______ capillaries
Blood, glomerulus, peritubular
The ______ capillaries carry ____ to the ______
peritubular, blood, veins
Innervation is from a network of _____ nerves and ___ called the ___ plexus
autonomic, ganglia, renal
What are the 2 types of nephrons?
- Corticol
- Juxtamedullary nephrons
Where are cortical nephrons located?
In the cortex
What percentage of nephrons do the cortical nephrons make up?
85%
Where are jxtamedullary nephrons located?
They extend deep into the medulla.
Each nephron is comprised of?
A glomerular capsule, renal tubules, a collecting duct
Glomerular capillaries have thin walled layer of? A. Stratified squamous cells B. Psuedostratified epithelial cells C. Fenestrated endothelial cells D. Fenestrated epithelial cells
C
The peritubular capillaries receive blood from the ____ via ____ arterioles
glomerulus, efferent
What is the vasa recta
Extensions that follow loops of Henle deep into the medulla
Where are vasa recta located?
Only found with juxtamedullary nephrons
What is the renal corpuscle?
The glomerulus enclosed by the glomerular
2 Layers of the glomerular capsule are?
The outer parietal layer of simple squamous cells. The inner visceral layer of podocytes.
What are podocytes?
They surround the glomerular capillaries. Very branched with specialised epithelium.
Filtration slits form between ____
Pedicles
Which of the following is not a component of the blood-urine barrier A. Fused basement membrane B. Filtration slits C. Podocytes D. Pedicels E. Sinusoidal endothelium
E
What type of epithelial cells is in the PCT?
Cuboidal
The PCT has a highly folded _____ membrane
basolateral
The PCT has many ______ for active transport
Mitochondria
The PCT has a ____ epithelium
leaky
The nephron loops is surrounded by _____
Vasa recta
The thick descending limb is made up of what type of epithelial cells?
Cuboidal
The thin ascending and descending limb have what type of epithelium?
Simple squamoius
The DCT has ____ epithlium but it is thinner than the PCT
Cuboidal
Which statement is correct
A. The distal convoluted tubule has simple squamous endothelium
B. The DCT is thicker than the PCT
C. The DCT has no brush border and fewer mitochondria
D. Reabsorption in the DCT is influenced by CCK
C
Reabsorption in the collecting duct and DCT is influenced by?
Aldosterone
Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus located?
Where the DCT lies against afferent arteriole
Chemoreceptors detect?
Na+ levels
Mechanoreceptors detect?
Blood pressure
The cells that form the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule are called?
Podocytes
