Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP EXAM 4 > LECTURE 28 11/09/22 (LECTURE 15 SLIDES: CV BIOPHYSICS OVERVIEW) > Flashcards

LECTURE 28 11/09/22 (LECTURE 15 SLIDES: CV BIOPHYSICS OVERVIEW) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major functions of the circulatory system?

A

Transporting nutrients to tissues (energy: glucose, cholesterol, FA, ions, O2)

Transporting waste products away from tissues (CO2, nitrogenous waste, Lactate)

Transporting hormones are long distance signaling compounds, utilize the circulatory systems to get to their destination.

Circulatory system can also help regulate our body temperature.

(10:18)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A completely healthy 70 kg 30-year-old male will have ______ L of blood in the system.

The total blood volume will circulate the system once in ___________ seconds.

Cardiac output at rest will be _______ L/min.

A

5 Liters

60 seconds

5 L/min

(12:00)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is velocity?

A

Velocity is looking at speed. Change in distance over change in time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pressures drives _________.

What are the units of pressure used in A&P?

A

Blood flow

mmHg (Used in BP, Osmotic Pressure, Dissolved Gas, can also be used to describe filtration and secretion in capillaries)

(16:50)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the four physical characteristics of the circulatory system?

A

Volume
Velocity
Pressure
Area (Surface Area/ Cross Sectional Area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the five determinants of blood flow?

A
  1. Blood flow (Volume/time, 5L/min)
  2. Vascular Resistance
    (what opposes blood flow, high resistance = low flow)
  3. Blood Pressure
    (what drives flow, high BP = high flow)
  4. Vascular conductance
    (How easy it is flow to happen, opposite of resistance, high conductance = low resistance)
  5. Poiseulle’s Law
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Delta P?

A

Difference between the end pressure and initial pressure pressure.

(26:09)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If Resistance is expressed as ‘R’, how would conductance be expressed?

A

1/R or R^-1

Conductance and Resistance have an inverse relationship.

Increased Resistance (R) = Decrease Conductance (1/R).

(26:30)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the formula for Poiseuille’s Law?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The percentage of blood volume makes up the pulmonary circulation? How many Liters is that?

The percentage of blood volume makes up the systemic circulation? How many Liters is that?

The percentage of blood volume that is in the heart at one time? How many mL is that?

A

Pulmonary Circulation: 9% (0.45 Liters)

Systemic Circulation: 84% (4.2 Liters)

Heart: 7% (350 mL) (In Liters, it would be 0.35 Liters)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What percentage of the blood in the pulmonary circulation makes up the capillaries in the pulmonary circulation?

A

15.6%

There is 70 mL of blood in the capillaries of the pulmonary circulation and 0.45 L (450 mL) of total blood in the pulmonary circulation.

(70/450) x 100 = 15.55 = 15.6%

(28:50)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The amount of blood that is in pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins make up what percentage of the body’s total blood circulation?

A

7.6%

450 mL - 70 mL = 380 mL
(380/5000) x 100 = 7.6%

(28:50)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If needed, how much blood from the pulmonary circulation can be shifted into the systemic circulation?

If this happens, the systemic circulation will now have how much of the total blood supply? (Taking into account that there has been no blood loss)

A

The pulmonary circulation can shift 50% (225 mL) of its blood supply to the systemic circulation.

88.5%
(225 + 4200) / 5000 = 0.885 = 88.5%

(29:30)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Per lecture, the heart has 7% of the entire blood volume in the body. What does this all include?

A

Right and Left Ventricle
Right and Left Atria
Right and Left Atrial Appendages (Auricles)

(30:00)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What percentage of the body’s total blood supply are in the veins, venules, and venous sinuses? How many Liters is that?

What percentage of the body’s total blood supply are in the systemic arteries? How many Liters is that?

What percentage of the body’s total blood supply are in the systemic arterioles and capillaries? How many Liters is that?

A

64% (3.2 Liters)

13% (0.65 Liters)

7% (0.35 Liters)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What percentage of the systemic circulation’s blood supply are in the veins, venules, and venous sinuses? How many mL is that?

What percentage of the systemic circulation’s blood supply are in the systemic arteries? How many mL is that?

What percentage of the systemic circulation’s blood supply are in the systemic arterioles and capillaries? How many mL is that?

A

76.2 % (3200 mL)
(3.2/4.2) x 100 = 76.2

15.5% (650 mL)
(0.65/4.2) x 100 = 15.5

8.3% (350 mL)
(0.35/4.2) x 100 = 8.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two directions used in the circulatory system?

A

Proximal (closer to the heart)

Distal (away or farther from the heart)

(36:20)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How long is the right pulmonary artery?

A

5 cm (37:50)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the percentage of distribution of blood to each of the following:

Brain
Splanchnic Circulation (GI System)
Kidneys
Muscles (inactive)
Skin and other tissues

A

Brain 14%
Splanchnic Circulation 27%
Kidneys 22%
Muscle (inactive) 15%
Skin, other tissue 18%

(39:00)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What makes us sleepy after a big Thanksgiving dinner?

A

More blood shifted into the GI system for increasing digestion. Makes us want to lay around and be couch potatoes. (40:00)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When our muscles are at rest, it makes up 15% of the blood circulation. When activated, the muscle can have up to ________% of the blood circulation.

Where does most of the extra blood come from?

A

75%

From GI system and increased cardiac output

(41:00)

22
Q

Where does blood flow when we are overheated?

A

Blood will flow to the surface tissue in order to get rid of excess heat. (42:30)

23
Q

When talking about systems in parallel, if there are more choices for the blood to go through what happens to resistance?

When talking about a system in series, how is resistances calculated?

A

Decreases because the resistances are in parallel.

Summation of the each resistance to get total resistance.

(Physics Recall, 46:30)

24
Q

What does a large cross sectional area mean in respect to blood flow?

How about a small cross sectional area?

A

A large cross sectional area indicates less resistance for blood flow, easier blood flow.

A small cross sectional area indicates more resistance for blood flow, more difficult for blood to pass through.

(52:00)

25
Q

What is the formula for velocity of blood flow?

A

Velocity of blood flow = Blood Flow/ Cross sectional area. (52:00)

26
Q

What area in systemic circulation will have the highest velocity of blood flow?

What area in systemic circulation will have the loweset velocity of blood flow?

A

Aorta (2.5 square cm)

Capillaries (2500 square cm)

27
Q

What are the cross section areas in square cm of the following?

Aorta
Small Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Small Veins
Venae Cava

A

The following cross sectional areas are in square cm:

Aorta 2.5
Small Arteries 20
Arterioles 40
Capillaries 2500
Venules 250
Small Veins 80
Venae Cava 8

28
Q

What blood vessels can be open or closed and determines capillary blood flow in a vascular bed.

A

Arterioles.

Regulation of capillary blood flow is linked to metabolism. If tissue metabolism increases arterioles will relax and allow blood flow.
(58:30)

29
Q

What are the two regulators of arteriole tone?

A
  1. Metabolism to determine whether arterioles are open or closed.
  2. Nervous system, epinephrine release to maintain tone

(59:40)

30
Q

What vessels governs our SVR?

A

Small Arteries and Arterioles

(81:00) (102:00)

31
Q

What helps prevent back flow in the venules and veins?

A

One-way valves (85:00)

32
Q

What the relationship with surface area and nutrient exchange in the circulatory system?

A

Increase surface area = Increase Nutrient Exchange (87:42)

33
Q

How long does the blood hang out in the systemic capillaries?

How does this compare to alveolar capillaries?

A

2-3 seconds, the flow through capillaries are REALLY slow, due to gas and nutrient exchange.

Shorter time due to just gas exchange.

(88:19)

34
Q

What is the pressure of the left atrium at its lowest point?

A

2 mmHg (90:30)

35
Q

What is the range of pressure in the left ventricle?

What is the range of pressure in the aorta?

A

2 to 120 mmHg

80 to 120 mmHg

36
Q

When ventricle pressure exceeds the pressure of the aorta, what happens?

What happens when the pressure in the aorta exceeds the pressure in the ventricles?

A

Aortic valve opens.

Aortic valve closes.

The Aorta has a one-way valve that opens or closes depending on pressure differentials (91:08)

37
Q

At what pressure does aortic valve close?

A

100 mmHg

38
Q

What is the equation of MAP?

What is the MAP for a BP of 120/80?

What is the normal MAP we will use for this course?

A

MAP = DBP + 1/3 (SBP-DBP)

93.3 mmHg

100 mmHg

(94:00)

39
Q

How do you calculate pulse pressure?

What is the pulse pressure in the aorta?

A

SBP - DBP

40 mmHg

40
Q

Why does the large arteries have a higher pulse pressure than the aorta?

A

Large arteries are less stretchy/ less compliant/more rigid than the aorta. (98:55)

41
Q

Why does pressure drop as we move away from the smaller arteries and arterioles into the capillaries?

A
  1. Vessels are farther from the heart
  2. Branching of blood vessels increases cross sectional areas
  3. Blood is encountering more resistance as it gets further away from the heart.

(101:00)

42
Q

The bulk of our SVR comes from what two areas?

A

Small arteries and arterioles (101:55)

43
Q

Area distal to resistance will have _________ pressure.

Area upstream to resistance will have ______ pressure.

A

Low pressure

High pressure

(Think of garden hose example, 103:20)

44
Q

When we take a blood pressure what vessels are we measuring?

A

Large arteries

45
Q

What is the pressure in the systemic capillaries at the tail end of the arterioles?

What is the pressure at the end of the systemic capillaries?

A

30 mmHg

10 mmHg

46
Q

What is the pressure of the veins?

A

10 mmHg

47
Q

What is the pressure of the Right Atrium?

What is the delta pressure to drive blood through the veins into the heart?

A

0 mmHg

10 mmHg

48
Q

What is the range of the right ventricle pressure?

What is normal systolic pulmonary arterial pressure?

What is normal diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure?

What is normal pulmonary BP?

What is the Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure?

A

0 to 25 mmHg

25 mmHg

8 mmHg

25/8

16 mmHg

(109:30)

49
Q

Resistance in the pulmonary circulation is spread out equally in three locations. What are they?

A
  1. Pulmonary artery
  2. Pulmonary capillaries
  3. Pulmonary veins

(111:00)

50
Q

Why is pressure lower in pulmonary circulation compared to the systemic circulation?

A
  1. Low pulmonary vascular resistance (shorter distance, lower resistance)
  2. Parallel Pathways for blood to take through in the lungs (lots of capillaries)

(112:53)

AP EXAM 4 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions