Lecture 26- Emotion I: Fear Flashcards
1What was the cat experiment with removing her cerebrum?
- when whole cerebrum removed, animal extremely aggressive= sham rage
- if cerebrum removed but hypothalamus remained= docile
- means hypothalamus is an organisational centre of fear an aggression
Does the emotional system in humans develop with age?
-yes -the things we fear change with age
What are the fears at the age of 4-6?
-kidnappers, robbers, ghosts and monsters
What are the fears at the age of 6?
-fears of bodily injury, death and failure develop -these may continue into early adolescence
What are the fears at the age of 10-11?
-fears regarding social comparison, physical appearance, personal conduct and school examinations may predominate
What are the consequences of the emotional system becoming dysfunctional?
-abnormal experiencing of anxiety can occur in variety of ways -this is when you are scared and shouldn’t be -very common 1: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) 2: Panic attack 3: Panic disorder 4: Phobias 5: Obsessive compulsive disorder 6: Post-traumatic stress disorder
What are the normal Panic attack symptoms? (13)
1.Pounding heart 2. Chest pains 3. Light-headedness or dizziness 4.Nausea or stomach problems 5.Flushes or chills= autonomic system goes wrong, control of temperature 6. Sweating= autonomic system 7. Shortness of breath or a feeling of smothering or choking 8. Tingling or numbness= somatosensory system 9. Shaking or trembling= over-excitation of autonomic system 10. Feelings of unreality 11. Terror 12. A feeling of being out of control or going crazy 13. Fear of dying
What are the nervous system components that organise expression of emotional experience?
- same motor neurons and same muscles for smile but different pathway
- medial /lateral organisation
- motor control but not the primary pyramidal (the main pathway)
- here it goes via different pathway
Can you activate the muscles needed for facial expressions without feeling the emotion?
-by activating the muscles can mimic the emotional pattern -but do not feel anything
What is voluntary facial (motor) paresis?
- there are two pathways that control muscles for smiling
a) volitional movement= the pyramidal and extrapyramidal projections from motor cortex and brainstem and
b) neural systems for emotional expression= descending extrapyramidal (not the main pathway) projections from the medial forebrain and hypothalamus - here we have a problem in the voluntary pathway
- cannot smile properly voluntarily
- can smile normally when find something funny
Where do the projections of the neural systems involved in emotional expression come from?
-medial forebrain and hypothalamus
What is emotional (motor) facial paresis?
- there are two pathways that control muscles for smiling
a) volitional movement= the pyramidal and extrapyramidal projections from motor cortex and brainstem and
b) neural systems for emotional expression= descending extrapyramidal (not the main pathway) projections from the medial forebrain and hypothalamus - here we have a problem in the voluntary pathway
- can smile properly voluntarily
- cannot normally when find something funny
What is the smile of emotional paresis called?
-Duchenne smile
What is the voluntary facial paresis smile called?
-Pyramidal smile
What does the existence of voluntary and emotional facial paresis tell us?
-there are two systems controlling the facial muscles involved in smiling