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HUBS192 Module 4 > Lecture 26 and 27 > Flashcards

Lecture 26 and 27 Flashcards

1
Q

Products of fat digestion are
A. Delivered to the brush border via micelles
B. Absorbed via active transport
C. Absorbed via an osmotic gradient set up by the absorption of salts and nutrients
D. Broken down from triglycerides into monosaccharides

A

A

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2
Q

CCK
A. Stimulates enzyme secretion by acinar cells
B. Stimulates HCO2 secretion by duct cells
C. Is produced by duodenal endocrine cells in response to increase H+
D. Neutralizes acidic chyme

A

A.

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3
Q

What are the main nutrients that undergo chemical digestion?

A
  • Carbs
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
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4
Q

Long chains of glucose are joined by?

A

Alpha 1-4 glycosisdic bonds

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5
Q

Long chains of amino acids are linked together by?

A

Peptide bonds

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6
Q 
Salivary enzymes are: 
A. Acidic 
B. Alkaline 
C. Basic 
D. poisonous
A

Both B and C

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7
Q

Gastric enzymes are :
A. Acidic
B. Alkaline
C. Poisonous

A

B.

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8
Q

Cellulose are structural polysaccharides that are linked together by long chains of?

A

Beta 1-4 glycosidic bonds

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9
Q

In luminal digestion, polysaccharides are:
A. Converted to oligosaccharides and disaccharides
B. Converted to Monosaccharides
C. Not changed

A

A

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10
Q

In contact digestion, disaccharides are converted to?

A

Monosaccharides

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11
Q

Which enzymes are involved n contact digestion?

A

Sucrase, lactase and maltase

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12
Q

In luminal digestion, proteins are converted into?

A

Polypeptides

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13
Q

In contact digestion, polypeptides are converted into

A

Individual amino acids

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14
Q

Where are lipids digested?

A

In the lumen of the small intestine. NO contact digestion.

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15
Q

What is the main enzyme involved in the digestion of lipids?

A

Pancreatic lipase

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16
Q

Which enzymes have a minor role in the digestion of lipids?

A

Lingual lipase and gastric lipase

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17
Q

What is the problem with the digestion of lipids

A

Lipids are insoluble in water so it requires a more complex process

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18
Q

Chemical digestion order…

A

Emulsification, stabilisation, Digestion and formation of micelles

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19
Q

What is emulsification?

A

Motility breaks up lipid droplets into small droplets. This will increase surface area for digestion.

20
Q

Where does emulsification occur?

A

In the stomach by retropulsion and in the small intestine by segmentation (the bile salts stabilize droplets)

21
Q

Where does stabilization occur?

A

In the small intestine

22
Q

How are bile salts secretetd/

A

By the gallbladder.

23
Q

When are bile salts released?

A

At the arrival of food.

24
Q

Where does hydrolysis occur?

A

In the small intestine at the surface of emulsion droplets.

25
Q 
Whato organ secretes lipase and the cofactor colipase? 
A. Stomach 
B. Small intestine 
C. Pancreas 
D. Fundus
A

C.

26
Q

Lipase converts triglycerides to…

A

Monoglycerides and free fatty acids

27
Q

Products of fat digestion are insoluble in water especially…

A

Monoglycerides and long chain fatty acids

28
Q

Absorption is the passage of substances from the ___ lumen across the lining of the _______ into the _____ fluid and then into the blood or ______

A

GI, intestine, interstitial, lymph

29
Q

What factors affect absorption?

A
  1. Motility
  2. Surface area
  3. Transport
  4. Removal from interstitial fluid
30
Q

The greater the surface area the faster/slower the rate of absorption

A

Faster

31
Q

Which anatomical adaptations maximise surface area?

A
  • Length of intestine
  • Circular folds
  • Villi
  • Microvilli
32
Q

Explain the paracelular pathway

A

Solutes do not cross the cell membrane. The only barrier is tight junction binding cells together.

33
Q

Paracellular pathway is _____ and _____

A

Non-selective, passive

34
Q

A cellular pathway requires solutes to cross through __ cell membranes

A

2

35
Q

If solute is not lipid soluble in a cellular pathway, it requires a ______ ________

A

Transport pathway

36
Q

Villi prevents the build up in _____ fluid

A

interstitial

37
Q

Osmosis is the ____ movement of water from the _____ to the _____

A

passive, lumen, blood

38
Q

How are NA+ molecules actively transported across cell membranes?

A
  • By themselves
  • Couple to monosaccharides (glucose)
  • Couple to amino acids
39
Q

To get into the cell, NA+ moves down/up it’s concentration gradient, and to get out of the cell mit goes down/up its concentration gradient

A

Down, up

40
Q

How are carbohydrates transported via the cellular pathway?

A

Co-transported with NA+

41
Q

The apical membrane transports _____ while the basolateral membrane transports _____

A

Na+, Glucose

42
Q

The main site of absorption is in the…

A

Small intestine

43
Q

The least absorption takes place in…

A

The stomach, esophagus and mouth

44
Q

How is vitamin B12 absorbed?

A

In the ileum by binding to an intrinsic factor

45
Q

How are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?

A

Absorbed with fats

HUBS192 Module 4 (2 decks)

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