lecture 24-upper respiratory tract 1 Flashcards

1
Q

staphylococcus epidermis
staphylococcus aureus
corynebacterium

A

-all nose and respiratory normal flora- both staphylococci are gram +
corynebacterium is rod gram +

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2
Q

streptococcus type of bacteria_

what’s unique about Moraxella catarrhalis

A

gram + cocci

Moraxella catarrhalis is gram neg cocci AEROBE

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3
Q

what are the four bacteria that go up in the winter time?

A
  • streptococcus pneumonie
  • haemophilius influenza
  • Neisseria meningitides
  • Moraxella catarrhalis
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4
Q

Streptococcus in general
type of bacteria?
catalase result?

A

gram + cocci

catalase neg

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5
Q

when looking at a slide and the bacteria is alpha hemolytic, what should you assume the bacteria is?

A

strep pneumoniae

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6
Q

what are the two beta hemolytic streptococcus bacteria?

A

s. pyogenes

s agalactiae

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7
Q

if someone has redness of the throat with pus (pharyngitis) what bacteria is this?2 ways diagnosis determined?

A
  • streptococcus pyogenes
  • it’s a beta hemolytic bacteria when other normal bacteria in throat are alpha or gamma
  • rapid strep test can be done that targets the cell wall of the antigen
  • > prob with rapid strep test is that results can be skewed because so quick
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8
Q

Strep pyogenes
catalase test?
what does it have that makes it so virulent?

A
  • catalase negative
  • has M protein that make it antiphagocytic and is essential for virulence
  • has many serotypes- can infect over and over with no memory- no vaccine
  • have capsule
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9
Q

what are strep pyogenes exotoxins? what do they do?

A
  • 9 proteins
  • super antigens from pyogenes that causes scarlet fever, toxic shock. necrotizing fascitits
  • only scarlet fever is preceded by strep throat
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10
Q

treatment for streptopyogenes?

A
  • PCN

- Erythromysin

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11
Q

what is the cause of scarlet fever?

A

streptococcus pyogenes release of exotoxin called erythrogenic toxin (kills RBCs and see it in agar plate)

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12
Q

what causes acute rheumatic fever?

A

strepto. pyogenes causes overwhelming inflammatory immune rxn that kills the organism but causes body to attack normal flora of the body- heart porbs, chest pain, rash, skin nodules, uncontrolled jerky mvmts

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13
Q

what causes necrotizing fasciitis

A

exotoxin release from s. pyogenes that causes a skin infection that is necrotic

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14
Q

acute glomerulonephritis

A

immune complex attack-
usually in childhood and begins 1-4 wks post strepto pharyngitis infection or 3-6 weeks after skin infection
-find antigen-antibody complexes in glomeruli
-get htn, edema, hematuria, proteinuria, decreased serum complement

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15
Q

what streptococcal group is streptococcus pyogenes in?
s. agalctiae
s. bovis
enterococcus faecalis

A

A
B
D (bovis = bovine and milk gives you vitamin D)
D

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16
Q
Diptheria 
symptoms?
distinguishing factor?
cause?
what does it look like under microscope?
A
  • deadly
  • controlled by toxoid vaccine
  • mild sore throat, slight fever, high fatigue and malaise, extreme neck swelling is often dramatic
  • distinguishing factor? whitish gray membrane-tonsils, throat, nasal cavity-membrane difficult to pull off and has epithelial cells, clotted blood and mucus membrane with leukocyte infiltrate
  • caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • looks like Chinese letter under microscope
17
Q
Corynebacterium diptheriae
shape?
motility?
type of bacteria?
what's it's main virulence factor?
A

-variable shape
-causes diphtheria
-non-motile
-GRAM POSITIVE ROD
-Main virulence factor: EXOTOXIN lysogenized (brought in) by bacteriophage
-

18
Q

what’s notable about diphtheria toxin and how it infects?

what occurs if the disease survives?

A
  • it is released as inactive with an A and B subunit
  • B binds the host receptor
  • A- inactivation of elongation factor-2 (EF2) to stop protein synth and induce cell death
  • survives- heart, kidney and nerve cell damage
19
Q

what are a-b subunit structure of bacterial toxins

A
  • active protein, binding protein and usually works via ADP-ribosylation
  • A goes into cell and inactivates elongation factor disabling it from making proteins and thus killing the cell