Lecture 23 Flashcards
What is distillation in water purification?
Distillation involves boiling water to produce steam and then condensing it back into purified water. The heat destroys vegetative cells, effectively purifying the water.
What is deionization/ion exchange in water purification?
This method uses resin beads to exchange ions in the water with hydrogen ions, resulting in pure water.
What is microporous membrane filtration in water purification?
Microporous membrane filtration uses filters with varying pore sizes to remove suspended solids and microorganisms from water.
What is ultrafiltration in water purification?
Ultrafiltration uses a membrane to separate molecules based on size, effectively removing macromolecules, colloids, microorganisms, and endotoxins.
What is reverse osmosis in water purification?
Reverse osmosis uses pressure to force water through a semi-permeable membrane, removing dissolved and particulate contaminants.
What is carbon adsorption in water purification?
This process uses activated carbon filters to remove low molecular weight hydrocarbons and other impurities from water.
How can microbial growth be controlled in distilled water?
To control microbial growth in distilled water, it should be maintained at 80-85°C and circulated in a loop system. Regular drainage and monitoring are essential.
How can microbial growth be controlled in deionized/ion-exchanged water?
Control involves recirculating water loops, using resins resistant to microbial contamination, regular decontamination, and bacteriological monitoring.
What control measures are necessary for microporous membrane filtration?
Control measures include pressure and flow monitoring, backwashing, sanitization, sterilization, and regular filter replacement.
How can microbial growth be controlled in ultrafiltration systems?
Control involves regular cartridge changes, sanitization, sterilization, and maintaining elevated feed-water temperatures.
What are the control measures for reverse osmosis systems?
Pre-treatment of water, good membrane design and integrity, and regular maintenance and monitoring of differential pressures are key control measures.
How can microbial growth be controlled in carbon adsorption systems?
Control involves high water flow rates, routine sanitization, backwashing, frequent replacement of carbon beds, and using UV light systems to control microbial growth.
