Lecture 22 - Analyzing Cells, Molecules, and Systems Flashcards
1
Q
What are single nucleotide polymorphisms?
A
-variations of single nucleotides between genomes
2
Q
What is an endonuclease reaction?
A
-restriction enzymes that cut DNA at certain nucleotide sequences
3
Q
What is gel electrophoresis?
A
- separates DNA based on size
- does not require SDS as DNA is already charged
- ran on agarose gel
4
Q
What is a ligase reaction?
A
- joins two fragments of DNA
- can be used to insert DNA sequences
5
Q
What is cDNA?
A
- DNA generated from mRNA using reverse transcriptase
- excludes introns
6
Q
What is PCR?
A
-process to amplify DNA regions
- DNA is denatured
- complimentary primers are introduced and DNA is replicated using Taq polymerase
- process is repeated
7
Q
What is quantitative PCR (qPCR)?
A
- uses complimentary fluorescent tag which is activated in the pressence of PCR products
- quantifies copy number
8
Q
What is restriction fragments length polymorphism (RFLP)?
A
- cleavage of DNA using endonuclease
- SNP of restriction sites will result in different cleavage patterns of individuals DNA which can be used as a “fingerprint”
- used in forensic analysis
- can be used diagnostically when mutations occur in splice sites
9
Q
What is variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR)?
A
-useful of identification of inherited disease where there is a variation in short tandem repeats (STR)
10
Q
What are DNA microarrays?
A
- chips which contain several different wells with DNA sequences complimentary to certain genes
- fluorescently marked DNA from different sources is added to the chip
- fluoresce shows which well bound DNA from each source
