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MSE 3611 > Lecture 21.5 - Polymeric Drug Delivery Devices > Flashcards

Lecture 21.5 - Polymeric Drug Delivery Devices Flashcards

1
Q

Enteral

A
  • Intestinal (process through)

- All other routes considered parenteral

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2
Q

Intravenous/Inraarterial

A

Parenteral

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3
Q

Intramuscular/Subcutaneous

A

Parenteral

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4
Q

Oral

A

Enteral

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5
Q

Buccal/Sublinqual

A
  • On cheek/under tongue

- Enteral

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6
Q

Rectal

A

Enteral

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7
Q

Nasal

A

Enteral

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8
Q

Pulmonary

A

Parenteral

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9
Q

Vaginal

A

Enteral

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10
Q

Intrauterine

A

Enteral

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11
Q

Transdermal

A

Enteral

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12
Q

Oscular

A

Parenteral

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13
Q

Half Life

A
  • Many drugs have very short half lives
  • Ampicillin (100 min)
  • Penicillin (45 min)
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14
Q

How to Maintain Drug Action?

A
  • Requires significant concentration to remain effective

- Take repeated doses —> maintain activity by adding different doses of drug at different times

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15
Q

Controlled Drug Delivery

A
  • Better targeting (spatial targeting, temporal targeting)
  • Reduce discomfort to patient (constant injections)
  • Ability to reposition drug on the market (using different delivery system)
  • Long lasting therapeutics
  • Direct cell function in healing or forming tissues
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16
Q

Spatial Targeting

A

Delivered to certain locations

17
Q

Temporal Targeting

A

Delivered in certain concentration at certain times

18
Q

Ideal Drug Delivery Systems

A
  • Deliver drug at rate which matches need of body
  • Deliver drug only to active site (cell, tissue, or organ)
  • No drug delivery systems do both
19
Q

Common Systems/Release Rates

A
  • Systems which provide “some” control of drug release in body (temporal, spatial, partial control of both)
  • Prolonged or sustained release in systems are not controlled release systems by this definition (not spatially targeting, burst release where released over time)
20
Q

Sustain Drug Action

A
  • Maintain constant effective drug level in body

- Avoid undesirable side effects of sawtooth kinetic profile

21
Q

Localize Drug Action

A
  • Place drug delivery system in or next to diseased tissue or organ
  • Ex: chemotherapeutic wafer (kill anything left behind)
22
Q

Target Drug Action to Specific Cell

A
  • Carriers or chemical derivatization to target specific cells
  • Only specific cells uptake drug and have action on it
23
Q

Factors that Influence Drug Delivery Rate: Drug

A
  • Solubility (in polymer)
  • Partition coefficient (how segregated within polymer)
  • MW
  • Chemical/physical stability
  • Protein binding (probability/propensity)
24
Q

Factors that Influence Drug Delivery Rate: System

A
  • Material solubility
  • Swelling
  • MW
  • Crystallinity
  • Physical stability (degradation)
  • Protein binding
25
Q

Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems

A
  • Matrix —> matrix of polymer with drug inside (more uniform distribution of drug within polymer)
  • Reservoir
26
Q

How are drugs eluted?

A
  • Diffusion

- Erosion

27
Q

Degradable

A
  • Diffusion and erosion

- Aqueous solutions of body start to interact with polymer, polymer starts to swell

28
Q

Non-degradable

A

Diffusion

29
Q

Swollen Matrix

A
  • More diffusion leads to swollen matrix

- Smaller density of polymer chains

30
Q

Non-swollen Matrix

A

Greater density of polymer chains

31
Q

Factors Influencing Drug Release

A
  • MW
  • Crystallinity
  • Swelling ratio
  • Glass transition temperature
  • Crosslink density
32
Q

Factors Influencing Drug Release: Molecular Weight

A
  • Amorphous polymer —> decrease in MW, increase drug release
  • Give chains motion, ends have more motion and more space in between
  • More ends, greater diffusivity of drug through polymer chains
  • More ends, greater release of drug into system
33
Q

Factors Influencing Drug Release: Crystallinity

A
  • Increase crystallinity, decrease release rate

- Crystallinity decreases ability to diffuse (greatest diffusivity, fastest release rate)

34
Q

Swelling Ratio

A
  • How easily water is absorbed into polymer, affinity of polymer for water
  • If polymer likes water (extremely hydrophilic) and structure flexible to accommodate water molecules, high swelling ratio
  • If swelling, less dense (more free space), greater diffusivity of drug
  • Increased swelling ratio, increased release rate
35
Q

Glass Transition Temperature

A
  • If T_g farther below body T, increased release rate
  • Change in density at T_g (above T_g chains moving, below T_g very little motion)
  • Decrease T_g, increased release rate
36
Q

Crosslink Density

A
  • Increase crosslinking, slow down degradation (if erosion slower release rate, if diffusion reduce chain motion/free space)
  • Increase crosslink, decrease release rate

MSE 3611 (16 decks)

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