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Histology 3 > Lecture 21- Eye > Flashcards

Lecture 21- Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Layer of the retina:

Adjacent to choroid
Derived from outer (thinner) layer of optic cup

A

Pigmented epithelium

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2
Q

Layer of the retina:

Outer segment consists of rhodopsin-containing lamellae

Inner segment consists of areas of rods and cones possessing mito., RER, golgi, and glycogen (metabolically active)

A

Inner and outer segments of rods and cones

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3
Q

Layer of the retina:

Area at junction of inner and outer segments of rods and cones and outer nuclear layer

Includes adherens junctions btw rods and cones and mueller cells.

A

External limiting membrane

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4
Q

Layer of the retina:

Cell bodies of rods and cones

1st order neurons

A

Outer nuclear layer

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5
Q

Layer of the retina:

Area of synapses btw axons and rods and cones and dendrites of bipolar neurons and horizontal cells

A

Outer plexiform layer

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6
Q

Layer of the retina:

Cell bodies of bipolar cells (2nd order neurons), horizontal cells, amacrine cells and mueller cells

A

Inner nuclear layer

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7
Q

Layer of the retina:

Area of synapses btw axons of bipolar cells and dendrites of ganglion cells

A

Inner plexiform layer

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8
Q

Layer of the retina:

Cell bodies of ganglion cells (3rd order neurons)

A

Ganglion cell layer

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9
Q

Layer of the retina:

Axons of ganglion cells

” a bundle of axons”

A

Optic nerve layer

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10
Q

Layer of the retina:

Terminations of mueller cell processes and their basement membrane

A

Internal limiting membrane

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11
Q
  • Adjacent to choroid
  • Synthesize melanin
  • Apical processes surround and protect outer segments of rods and cones (photosensitive areas)
  • phagocytose and degrade lamllae from rods and cones
  • connected via tight junctions to form blood-retina barrier.
  • esterify Vit A. Used in formation of photosensitive pigments.
A

Pigmented epithelial cells

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12
Q

Conducting neurons that synapse w/ rods and cones

Extend from outer plexiform to inner plexiform

A

Bipolar cells -2nd order neurons

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13
Q

Interneurons that interconnect rods and cones with each other and with bipolar cells

Extend in outer nuclear and inner nuclear layers of retina

A

Horizontal cells

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14
Q

Interneurons that connect ganglion cells and bipolar neurons

In inner nuclear layer

A

Amacrine cells

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15
Q
  • neuroglial cells that extend throughout retina
  • form external limiting membrane via zonula adherens btw mueller cells and rods and cones
  • internal limiting membrane is formed by the basement membrane of these cells

Also in inner nuclear layer

A

Mueller cells

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16
Q

Conducting neurons whose axons form the fibers of the optic nerve

Extend from inner PLEXIFORM layer to optic nerve layers

A

Ganglion cells

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17
Q

Yellow region surrounding fovea

Highest visual acuity

A

Macula lutea

18
Q

Depression of visual axis

Highest density of cone cells - sharpest visual acuity

Lacks rod cells and capillaries

A

Fovea centralis

19
Q

Lacks photoreceptors

Point where ganglion cells turn into optic nerve

“Blind spot” of retina

A

Optic disc

20
Q

Use rhodopsin as photopigment

A

Rods

21
Q

Use 3 different kinds of iodopsins as photopigments

A

Cones

22
Q

Rods and cones composed of 4 elements:

A

Spherule (rod) or pedicele(cone)

Cell body
Inner segment
Outer segment

23
Q

Inner segment of rods and cones consist of:

A

Mito. And other organelles

24
Q

Cell body of rods/cones consists of:

A

Nucleus and short axon

25
Q

Outer segment of rod/cone consists of:

A

Modified cilium

Connected by a stalk to inner segment

Site of stacks of disks containing photoreceptors

26
Q

Disks in rod cells

A

Disks detach from cell membrane and become free
Constantly renewed in rod cells
Older disks are phagocytosed by surrounding pigmented epithelial cells

27
Q

Disks in cone cells:

A

Disks remain attached to cell membrane

28
Q

Sensitive to low-light intensity.
Responsible for black and white vision.
Lamellae of outer segment are not continuous w/ plasmalemma.
Axons of up to 100 cells synapse w/ single bipolar cell-uses rhodopsin

A

Rods

29
Q

Sensitive to high-intensity light.
Greater visual acuity.
Lamellae of outer segments are continuous w/ plasmalemma.
Each cell synapses w/ a single bipolar cell. -uses 3 kinds of iodopsins

A

Cones

30
Q

Transmembrane glycoprotein

Consists of opsin and 11-cis-retinal (vit A derivative)

A

Rhodopsin

31
Q

Disassembly of rhodopsin into opsin and retinal after light stimulation.

A

Bleaching

32
Q

11-trans-retinal converted back to 11-cis-retinal.

11-cis-retinal transported back to photoreceptor.

Recombines w/ opsin = rhodopsin

A

Regeneration of photopigment.

33
Q

3 parts of lens histology:

A

Capsule

Anterior epithelium

Lens nucleus

34
Q

Insertion point for suspensory ligament

Glycoproteins and type IV collagen

Secreted by subcapsular epithelial cells

A

Capsule of lens

35
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Gives rise to cells that become “lens fibers”

A

Anterior epithelium of lens

36
Q

Composed of lens cells that mature into fiber-like structures:

Devoid of nucleus and organelles and filled w/ crystalline proteins

A

Lens nucleus

37
Q

3 elements of eyelid anatomy:

A

Anterior surface

Palpebral fascia

Palpebral conjunctiva

38
Q

Covered w/ skin.
Glands of Zeiss (sebaceous glands asso/ w/ eyes).
Glands of moll (sweat glands-open into eyelash follicles)

A

Anterior surface of eyelid

39
Q

Fibrous core of eyelids.
Meibomian glands -tarsal (sebaceous glands not asso. W/ hair follicles- opens on edge of eyelid. Secretion keeps norm tear film in eye)

A

Palpebral fascia

40
Q

Stratified columnar or squamous epithelium w/ goblet cells

Lines inner surface of eyelids

Continuous w/ bulbar conjunctiva (covers eyeball)

A

Palpebral conjunctiva

Histology 3 (14 decks)

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