lecture 20 - spinal cord & nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the spinal cord originate?

A

The foramen magnum, the opening at the base of the skull.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

At the inferior border of the 1st lumbar vertebra (L1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the spinal cord contained within?

A

Sits within meningeal sac within the spinal cavity of the vertebrae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does the meningeal sac extend down to?

A

The coccyx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the ‘hole’ within a vertebra called?

A

The vertebral foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the orientation of a vertebra?

A

Vertebral body sits posterior, while the spinous process sits anteriorly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the meningeal sac filled with?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the end of the spinal cord called?

A

Conus modularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What anchors the spinal cord, and how?

A

The filium terminale - provides fibrous, non-neural anchor that extends to the base of the spinal cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the filium terminale?

A

Fibrous, non-neural tissues that anchors the spinal cord to the base of the spinal cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many segments does the spinal cord have?

A

31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many spinal nerves are associated with each segment of the spinal cord?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are spinal nerves named?

A

By the vertebra they exit below (except for the cervical vertebra, that are ‘one off’)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are the nerves of the cervical vertebrae named?

A

Based on the vertebrae they exit below, plus 1. The first exits between the skull and first cervical vertebra (above it).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do spinal nerves exit the spinal cord/vertebral column?

A

At the vertebral level appropriate to their origin. e.g. nerves originating in lumbar spinal cord exit between lumbar vertebrae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the name for the large collection of long nerves at the inferior end of the spinal cord?

A

Cauda equina

17
Q

In the spinal cord, where are bundles of axons found?

A

The dorsal, ventral and lateral columns

18
Q

In the spinal cord, where are bundles of cell bodies found?

A

In the dorsal, lateral and ventral horns

19
Q

What are the bundles of axons leaving the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal and ventral nerve roots.

20
Q

Is the dorsal side of the spinal cord posterior or anterior?

21
Q

Is the ventral side of the spinal cord posterior or anterior?

22
Q

Where do dorsal and ventral nerve roots leave the spinal cord?

A

Via intervertebral foramen - holes formed between adjacent vertebrae

23
Q

Where does afferent/sensory information arrive at the spinal cord?

A

At the dorsal nerve root (containing axons), via the dorsal root ganglion (containing cell bodies)

24
Q

Where does efferent/motor info leave the spinal cord?

A

Through ventral nerve roots (containing axons)

25
Where are somatic efferent motor neurons found in the spinal cord?
Ventral horn
26
Where are autonomic (sympathetic) neurons found in the spinal cord?
Lateral horn
27
Where are the cell bodies of sensory neurons entering the spinal cord found?
Dorsal root ganglia.
28
What are the three branches of a spinal nerve?
dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, rami communicans
29
What is the information flowing through the dorsal ramus?
Efferent and afferent info to and from the back.
30
What is the information flowing through the ventral ramus?
Efferent and afferent info too/from the ventral/front side of the body.
31
What is the information flowing through the rami communicans?
Sympathetic info
32
What segments of the spinal cord are Rami communicans found in?
T1-L2
33
What is the structure of the Rami communicans?
Two branches from the spinal nerve come together to form the sympathetic chain ganglion
34
What connective tissue covers axons?
Endoneurium
35
What is a bundle of axons called?
A fascicle.
36
What is the connective tissue that covers peripheral nerve fascicles?
Perineurium
37
What is the structure of a nerve?
Bundles of fascicles and blood vessels covered by epineurium (connective tissue)
38
What is the connective tissue that covers nerves?
Epineurium