Lecture 20: Population Genetics

Question 1

population

Answer 1

group of individuals with gene flow

Question 2

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 2

allows for calculation of allele and genotype frequencies

Question 3

what does “p” represent?

Answer 3

frequency of dominant allele in a population

Question 4

what does “q” represent?

Answer 4

frequency of recessive allele in a population

Question 5

what equation is used to calculate allele frequencies?

Answer 5

p + q = 1

Question 6

what represents homozygous dominant?

Answer 6

p^2

Question 7

what represents homozygous recessive?

Answer 7

q^2

Question 8

what represents heterozygous

Answer 8

2pq

Question 9

what is the diploid genotype equation?

Answer 9

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

Question 10

What are the 5 mechanisms of evolution?

Answer 10

1. Natural selection 2. gene flow 3. mutation 4. nonrandom mating 5. genetic drift

Question 11

what are the 3 types of selection for natural selection?

Answer 11

1. stabilizing selection 2. disruptive selection 3. directional selection

Question 12

stabilizing selection

Answer 12

keeps population the same where you select from the middle and against the extremes

Question 13

disruptive selection

Answer 13

select for the extremes at the expense of the middle; involved in speciation

Question 14

directional selection

Answer 14

select for one end of the distribution at the expense of the other

Question 15

gene flow

Answer 15

movement of alleles in or out of a population; changes in allele frequencies ex: migration

Question 16

Nonrandom mating

Answer 16

when a person prefers a mate; geographic, location

Question 17

mutation

Answer 17

any random change in a sequence; ultimate source of variation

Question 18

genetic drift

Answer 18

random changes in allele frequency leads to a smaller population; decrease in variation

Question 19

founder effect

Answer 19

have a big population and then a little group leaves; will experience genetic drift–>decrease in variation

Question 20

bottleneck effect

Answer 20

big population that gets small quickly; lose variation; survival is random