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ENT 100 > Lecture 20 - Insect & Disease > Flashcards

Lecture 20 - Insect & Disease Flashcards

Final Lecture date: 11/28/12

1
Q

What are the two types of disease transmissions?

A

Mechanican transmission: spread by contact with host; pathogen contaminates external surface
Biological transmission: a vector plays a essential role in pathogen life cycle; it is also a host

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2
Q

What are the two types of biological transmission?

A

Horizontal transmission: pathogen/parasite moves from vector to host
Vertical transmission: pathogen/parasite moves from female vector to her eggs

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3
Q

What are the insect vectored pathogens?

A
  1. Protozoa: intercelluar parasites, extermely difficult to treat; no vaccines; chemotherapy highly toxic
  2. Viruses: intercellular parasites; vaccines generally work well
  3. Nematode worms: filariae treated with chemotherapy; adults removed surgically
  4. Bacteria: generally treatable with antibiotics; few vaccines
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4
Q

Protozoa (vectored pathogen)

A

intercellular parasites, extremely difficult to treat; no vaccines; chemotherapy highly toxic
Most difficult or impossible disease to treat
EX: malaria, leishmaniasis, chagas’ disease, african sleeping sickness

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5
Q

Viruses (vectored pathogen)

A

intercellular parasites; vaccines generally work well

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6
Q

Nematode worms (vectored pathogen)

A

filariae treated with chemotherapy; adults removed surgically (b/c the amount of dead debri can kill the patient)

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7
Q

Bacteria (vectored pathogen)

A

generally treatable with antibiotocs; few vaccines

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8
Q

Most difficult or impossible disease to treat?

A

a

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9
Q

Malaria - What are the 5 species of Plasmodium in humans?

A 
falciparum (the worst, will simply kill you)
knowlesi
malariaw
ovale
vivax

DESCRIPTIONS!

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10
Q

Malaria Treatment and Prevention

A

bednets

chemical prophylaxis

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11
Q

Malaria Symptoms

A

Fever
Anemia (b/c killing red blood cells)
Liver & brain damage

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12
Q

Malaria Resistance

A

Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemia
Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis
Duffy Antigen Receptor

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13
Q

Thalassemia

A

form of anemia

high frequency in some Mediterranean populations

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14
Q

SE sian Ovalocytosis

A

red blood cells are oval-shaped
deformed rbc make parasitism difficult
usually rare, but in Southeast Asia in up to 15% of native people of Malaysia…DESCRIPTIONS!

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15
Q

Duffy antigen receptor

A

receptor for Plasmodium vivax

absence…DESCRIPTIONS!

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16
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia

A

occurs when the parasite enters a RBC

homozygous individuals rarely survive

17
Q

Leishmaniasis

A

disease of animals.. that can infect humans!
Mediterranean,
South America: mucocutaneous
Middle East: “summer sore” in the military
Centeral East Africa mostly: visceral

18
Q

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

A

skin leisions, DESCRIPTIONS!

19
Q

Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis

A

occurs in south america

long history in humans

20
Q

Visceral Leishmaniasis

A

causes a hugely enlarged spleen and organ failure

always deadly

21
Q

Chagas Disease

A

vectors are Kissing Bugs
protozoans are transmitted via fecal pellets
Symptoms: sore at point of feeding by kissing bug on lip
acute myocarditis (hugely enlarged heart)
Transmission cycle.. DESCRIPTIONS!

22
Q

African Sleeping Sickness

A

tsetse fly vector (closely related to house fly)
trypanosome in blood
Symptoms: bite lesion, then lethargy, then in coma and die

23
Q

Viral Diseases

A

most vectored by mosquitos
West Nile Virus
Dengue Fever
Yellow Fever

24
Q

West Nile Virus

A

humans are accidental hosts
primarily disease of birds, humans, and horses accidental hosts
(we can get it and it be gone in a few days, horses die)
Vertical and Horizontal transmission

25
Q

Dengue Fever

A

“Break Bone Fever”
caused by a virus in the Flavivridae
Prevention: insecticide fogging for dengue mosquitoes
4 Sterotypes: each has slightly different symptoms, exposure to more than one ca lead to severe symptoms, like haemorragic dengue
Symptoms: Hemorrhagic dengue, Petichia (pinpoint..DESCRIPTIONS!)

26
Q

Yellow Fever

A

Panama canal

Symptoms: red eyes, fever, vomiting, back pain, headache, bleeding, jaundice, muscle aches, hepatomel… DESCRIPTIONS!

27
Q

What are the cures of Viral diseases?

A

None!

no cures

28
Q

DESCRIPTIONS!..Filariasis

A

most vectoried by mos.. DESCRIPTIONS!

29
Q

Filariasis

A

caused by infection by .. DESCRIPTIONS!

30
Q

Elephantiasis

A

microfilariae in circulatory system block lymphatic system
leads to swelling.. DESCRIPTIONS!
Common in parts of Oceania

ENT 100 (7 decks)

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