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z:Cell 300 > Lecture 20: Cell Junctions > Flashcards

Lecture 20: Cell Junctions Flashcards

1
Q

cell junctions (def.)

A

Specialized contact sites linking cells with each other and to extracellular matrix

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2
Q

cell junctions are important for what type of cells?

A

epithelial and endothelial cells

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3
Q

Changes in physiological conditions can affect _____ of cell junctions

A

the assembly and stability

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4
Q

mechanical stresses are transmitted from cell to cell by ______

A

cytoskeletal filaments anchored to cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion sites

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5
Q

extracellular matrix directly bears _____

A

mechanical stresses of tension and compression

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6
Q

cell junctions are modified extensively during ___

A

oncogenesis (process of cell becoming cancerous)

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7
Q

Cancer cells with modified cell junctions become _____ and are able to ____

A

motile
invade other tissues

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8
Q

cell junctions are important for ______

A

anchoring
cell-cell communication
maintaining cellular barriers and polarity

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9
Q

tight junction seals ___

A

gap between epithelial cells

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10
Q

adherens junction connects ___

A

actin filament bundle in one cell with that in the next cell

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11
Q

desmosome connects ______

A

intermediate filaments in one cell with that in the next cell

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12
Q

gap junction allows the ____

A

passage of small water-soluble molecules from cell to cell

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13
Q

actin-linked cell-matrix junction anchors _____

A

actin filaments in cell to extracellular matrix

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14
Q

hemidesmosome anchors ____

A

intermediate filaments in cell to extracellular matrix

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15
Q

Two types of proteins associated with cell junctions

A

-intracellular adaptor proteins (which connect to cytoskeletal filaments) a.k.a peripheral membrane proteins
-transmembrane adhesion proteins

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16
Q

other cofactors of proteins associated with cell junctions

A

calcium

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17
Q

calcium in cell junction is associated with _____

A

the ectodomain of the transmembrane protein

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18
Q

ectodomain (def.)

A

domain of a membrane protein that extends into the extracellular space

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19
Q

removing Ca+ with a chelating agent will have this effect on cell junctions?

A

disrupts the interactions between cells

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20
Q

gap junction are ____ to allow ____

A

small direct channels between two cells
ions to pass for cell communication

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21
Q

gap junctions are not a _____; what can’t pass?

A

tunnel
proteins

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22
Q

Tight junctions regulate ____ transport

A

paracellular transport (fence function)

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23
Q

Tight junctions provide _______ on either side of _____

A

selective barrier for extracellular fluids
epithelia (gut) or endothelia (blood vessel)

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24
Q

Tight junctions form this in the brain?

A

blood-brain barrier

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25
Q

Tight junctions regulates _____permeability

A

paracellular

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26
Q

paracellular permeability (def.)

A

movement of molecules across epithelium between cells

27
Q

the effectiveness of barrier varies depending on ____

A

type of epithelium

28
Q

Tight junctions restricts ____ between _____which is essential for _____

A

diffusion of proteins/lipids
apical and basolateral membranes
polarity

29
Q

Tight junctions are important for ______ in gut

A

selective nutrient uptake

30
Q

transport of this nutrient requires tight seal between epithelial cells?

A

glucose

31
Q

Tight junctions are _____ and can allow _____ through blood vessels

A

dynamic
immune cells to move

32
Q

TJs appear as a network of ____ that completely encircles _____

A

fibrils
apical end of cell

33
Q

Fibrils creates a ____

A

labyrinth that ensures low permeability

34
Q

The purification of fibrils requires ____

A

monoclonal antibodies

35
Q

antibodies production in the lab method

A

1) antigen injected into mouse
2) animal will start generating antibodies for antigen in serum
3)serum will have mixture of different antibodies to same antigen (may react with different regions of antigen)

36
Q

antibodies production for tight junction in the lab method

A

1)”purify” tight junctions
2) same technique
3) different antibodies produced for different proteins that make up tight junctions

37
Q

polyclonal antibodies can recognize _____

A

multiple epitopes (different regions)on one or more a ntigens

38
Q

polyclonal antibodies is made from ____

A

multiple antibody-producing cells

39
Q

polyclonal antibodies = ___ regions

A

different

40
Q

If antigen contains multiple proteins, resulting
polyclonal antibodies recognize ______

A

multiple antigens

41
Q

sometimes polyclonal antibodies are made to
_______on a single particle (viruses)

A

multiple proteins

42
Q

monoclonal antibodies can recognize _____

A

single epitope on a single antigen

43
Q

monoclonal antibodies is made from ____

A

a single-antibody producing cell

44
Q

Monoclonal antibodies = ___ regions

A

single region (within a protein)

45
Q

monoclonal antibodies are only able to recognize _____

A

one thing

46
Q

monoclonal antibodies offer us _____

A

specificity

47
Q

production of monoclonal antibodies method? benefit?

A

1) Produce and select hybrid of myeloma (cancer)and B cell that produces desired antibody&raquo_space;hybridoma
2) Screen for hybridomas that produce
antibody of interest (ex. binds organelle, structure or protein of interest)
3) Each hybridoma produces one unique
antibody

Benefit: Do not need highly purified antigen to produce monoclonal antibodies

48
Q

monoclonal antibodies uses

A

1) infectious disease
2) diagnostic tool
3) bioengineering

49
Q

ZO1 protein at TJ is a ___

A

large peripheral membrane protein

50
Q

ZO1 protein & co-immunoprecipitation & Western Blot helps us to ____

A

identify other proteins associated with TJs

51
Q

Western blot tells you that ____

A

those two proteins interact but not where they interact

52
Q

Transmembrane proteins that are associated with TJs are ____

A

occludin or claudin

53
Q

Trans-epithelial resistance (TER)

A

the measurement of electrical resistance across a cellular monolayer

54
Q

TER is used to confirm the ____

A

the integrity and permeability of the monolayer

55
Q

Trans-epithelial flux is a measure of _____

A

transit across an epithelium

56
Q

↑ TER = ____ trans-epithelial flux

A

↓

57
Q

scrambled protein helps us to determine if protein action is ___

A

sequence -specific

58
Q

↑ trans-epithelial flux = ___ TER

A

↓

59
Q

Loss of resistance to ion current correlates with_____

A

increase in flux of small molecules

60
Q

Junction integrity can be affected by ____

A

pathogenic microbes

61
Q

______(e.g. ____) serve as entry factors for some viruses but they may not affect ____

A

Claudins
CLDN1
function of TJ

62
Q

WNV (West Nile virus) infection targets a subset of ___, reducing ____ and increasing ___

A

Tight Junction proteins for degradation (claudins)
TER
trans-epithelial flux

63
Q

WNV-induced degradation of tight junction proteins involves ___ and requires ___

A

endocytosis
dynamin

z:Cell 300 (17 decks)

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