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BSI I > Lecture 20 - Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Lecture 20 - Cell Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two general phases of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase and M Phase

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2
Q

Interphase is comprised of

A

G1, S, G2

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3
Q

In what phase is the cell not dividing?

A

Interphase

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4
Q

In what phase is the cell dividing?

A

M Phase

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5
Q

G1 Phase of Interphase

A

The first phase of cell growth and organelle duplication

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6
Q

G0 Phase

A

When a cell exits the cell cycle either permanently or for long periods of time; the cell stops expressing genes required for the cell cycle.

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7
Q

Examples of cells in G0

A

nerve, muscle, cardiac cells

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8
Q

S Phase

A

DNA Replication

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9
Q

How many chromosomes are replicated during S Phase?

A

46

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10
Q

What copies DNA during S Phase?

A

DNA Polymerase

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11
Q

What holds two strands of DNA together?

A

hydrogen bonds

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12
Q

What holds chromosomes together?

A

Cohesions

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13
Q

Steps to DNA Replicaiton

A
  1. Unzipping
  2. DNA Polymerase makes a copy using base pairing rules
  3. Sugar phosphate backbone formed connecting nucleotides in the two new strands
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14
Q

G2 Phase of Interphase

A

The second phase of cell growth and organelle duplication

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15
Q

M Phase

A

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

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16
Q

Mitosis Steps

A

Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

17
Q

Mitosis

A

Nuclear Division

18
Q

Prophase

A

The replicated chromosomes condense. The centrosomes begin to move to opposite sides of the nucleus and the mitotic spindles begin to form.

19
Q

Prometaphase

A

nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle fibers contact at the kinetochore located at centromeres

20
Q

Kinetochore

A

protein complexes which assemble on the condensed chromosomes

21
Q

Metaphase

A

Mitotic spindle gathers all the chromosomes to the center of the spindle

22
Q

Anaphase

A

The two sister chromatids in each replicated chromosome synchronously split apart. The spindle draws them to opposite poles of the cell.

23
Q

Specifically, when does anaphase begin?

A

When the cohesions are cleaved

24
Q

Steps of Coheasins Cleavage

A
  1. APC phosphorylated by MCdk
  2. Phosphorylated APC activated when Cdc20 binds
  3. Activated APC ubiquinates securin
  4. Securin is degraded and separase is activated
  5. Separase cleave cohesins
25
Q

Telophase

A

Nuclear envelope reassembles around each of the two sets of separated chromosomes to form two nuclei. Nucleus expands and chromosomes condense to interphase state. Contractile ring assembles.

26
Q

Cytokinesis

A

cytoplasmic division, including all organelles, by the contractile ring

27
Q

When does cytokinesis begin and end?

A

Begins in anaphase and ends at the end of telophase

BSI I (1 decks)

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