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Microbial Control > Lecture 20 > Flashcards

Lecture 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Phenolics

A
  • Introduced by Lister
  • Phenol Coefficient Test
    • chemical rated against phenol
    • Used as the standard against which other antiseptics and disinfectants are evaluated
  • Mode of Action
    • Disrupt cell membranes and cell walls
    • Coagulates proteins (denature)
    • bactericidal, fungacidal, virucidal, NOT sporicidal
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2
Q

Phenolics–Cresol (Creosote)

A

*Commercial wood preservative (railway ties, electrical poles)

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3
Q

Phenolics–Lysol

A
  • 2% cresol + soap
  • Disinfecting inanimate objects or organic wastes
  • Especially M. Tubercolosis
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4
Q

Phenolics–Hexaclorphene

A
  • Effective against Staph. and Strep.
  • May cause neurological damage to infants
    • Used to be used in newborn soap
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5
Q

Phenolics–Triclosan

A
  • Anti-bacterial additive to soaps

- Now found in our bloodstrea

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6
Q

Phenolics–Hexylresorcinol

A

*Used in mouthwash and throat lozenges

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7
Q

Phenolics–Chlorhexidine

A
  • Surgical scrub

* Antiseptic

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8
Q

Halogens–Iodine-I2

A
  • Wide spectrum and very effective antiseptic
  • Can be sporicidal
  • Mode of action
    • Combines with tyrosine and denatures proteins
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9
Q

Halogens–Tincture of Iodine

A
  • 2% Iodine and 70% alcohol

* Antiseptic

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10
Q

Halogens–Chlorine Cl2

A
  • Bactericidal, fungicidal,virucidal, and sporicidal
  • Mode of action:
    • Denatures enzymes/proteins
  • Available in gaseous form
    • Used to sanitize sewage, water supplies, swimming pools, restaurants.
  • Derivative:
    • Hypochlorites (chlorine bleach)
    • Chloramines
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11
Q

Alcohols

A
  • Mode of action:
    • Coagulates proteins
    • Dissolves membrane lipids
    • Bactericidal- including M. tubercolosis
    • Fungicidal, not sporicidal
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12
Q

Alcohol–Ethyl, Isopropyl

A
  • Solution of 50-90%
  • 70% being very effective, 30% water
  • Also used to enhance effectiveness of other reagents
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13
Q

Hydrogen Peroxide

A
  • Mode of action:
    • Produce highly reactive hydroxyl-free radicals that damage proteins and DNA while also decomposing to O, gas
    • Toxic to anaerobes
  • Used:
    • Antiseptic
    • Mouth wash
    • Disinfectant
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14
Q

Surface-Active Agents/Surfactants

A

Mode of action:

  • Reduces surface tension of water
  • Decrease surface tension between molecules of a liquid
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15
Q

Surface-Active Agents/Soaps

A
  • Break down surface tension
  • Mechanically remove soil and grease containing microbes from your skin
  • Limited microbiocidal power
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16
Q

Surface-Active Agents/Detergents

A

*Alter membrane permeability

17
Q

Surface-Active Agents/Quaternary Ammonia Compounds (Quarts)

A
  • Act as surfactants that alter membrane permeability of some bacteria and fungi
  • Effective against Gram + bacteria
  • Not sporicidal, not effective against Gram - bacteria
18
Q

Heavy Metals–Oligodynamic Action

A
  • Effective in minute amounts
  • Mode of Action
    • Inactivate proteins
19
Q

Heavy Metals–Mercury

A
  • Merhiolate- Antiseptic

* Mercurochrome

20
Q

Heavy Metals–Silver

A
  • Silver nitrate
    • Antiseptic/Disinfectant
    • Used to prevent Opthalamia neonatorum before erythromycis
21
Q

Heavy Metals–Copper

A

*Inhibits algae in swimming pools

22
Q

Heavy Metals–Zinc

A
  • Zinc chloride (mouth wash)

* Zinc oxide (anti-fungal agent found in paint)

23
Q

Aldehydes

A
  • Mode of action:

- Inactivate proteins

24
Q

Aldehydes–Formaldehyde

A
  • Used as Formalin
    • Disinfectant
    • Preservative (fabrics, organism, etc)
    • Emballment
    • Vaccine and Toxoid production
25
Q

Aldehydes–Glutaraldehyde

A
  • Wide spectrum germicide

* In 2% solution (Cidex) used as sterilant for heat sensitive instruments

26
Q

Gaseous Chemosterilizers

A
  • Ethylene oxide
  • Used in chemiclave
  • Mode of action:
    • Denatures proteins
    • Bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal, sporicidal
  • Used to sterilize
    • Plastic petri dish
    • Mattresses in hospitals
    • NASA space crafts
27
Q

Dyes

A
  • Crystal violet
  • Mode of action:
    • Bacteriostatic
  • Effective against Gram + bacteria, some yeasts and molds

Microbial Control (1 decks)

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