Lecture 2 - Understanding Financial Statements. Flashcards

1
Q

List some users of financial statements…

A
  • Owners
  • Shareholders
  • Employees
  • Suppliers.
  • Government
  • Competitors.
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2
Q

What are the 4 Primary financial statements?

A
  • Statement of profit or loss
  • Statement of financial position
  • Statement of changes in equity
  • Statement of cash flows.
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3
Q

What is the statement of profit or loss and meaning (income statement):

A
  • A measure of financial performance.
  • Summarises all revenue and expenses over a period and evaluates a businesses ability to be profitable.
  • Prepared on an accruals basis

Revenue - Expenses = Profit/Loss

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4
Q

Within the statement of profit or loss what are the 3 key sections:

A
  • Gross profit
  • Operating profit
  • Profit for the year.
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5
Q

Gross profit: Equation and meaning.

A

Revenue - Cost of sales

Represents the profits made after deducting the the direct costs which have helped raise the revenue.

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6
Q

Operating profit: Equation, meaning and examples of operating costs.

A

Gross profit - Operating expenses.

Takes account of business expenses which are not directly incurred with generating the revenue.

Examples:
- Electricity, insurance, wages and depreciation.

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7
Q

What can operating profit also be known as?

A

PBIT (Profit before interest and tax)

EBIT (Earnings before interest and tax)

OP doesn’t take into account taxes, finance income and expenses.

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8
Q

Profit for the year: Equation and meaning.

A

Operating profit + profit from other activities - net finances - Tax. (all expenses)

Can be compared to previous years to analyse performance.

Also, the balance on this account accumulated under the heading “retained earnings”

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9
Q

What is the statement of financial position?

A

Firstly, is a snapshot. Showing a businesses assets and liabilities and the difference is the equity which belongs to the owners.

Assets - Liabilities = Equity (capital)
Assets = Equity + Liabilities.

(Accounting equation).

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10
Q

What is the statement of Changes in equity?

A

Shows the change in the balance of equity for the beginning to the end of a reporting period.

3 main categories are:
- Share capital
- Share premium
- Retained earnings.

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