Lecture 2 - Tour of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

Question 1

Prokaryote Characteristics

Answer 1

cell membrane – encloses cell; controls what enters and leaves the cell

cytoplasm –cell contents, where life happens

Ribosomes - make proteins DNA – chromosome is a circle of DNA found in a region called the nucleoid often have a semi-rigid wall made of peptidoglycan can have one or several flagella for movement

Question 2

Bacterial cell growth and division Steps 1 and 2:

Answer 2

Question 3

Bacterial cell growth and division Steps 2 to 4:

Answer 3

Question 4

Prokaryotic cells: Cell division is by __________________ Every division causes _______________ – EXPONENTIAL population __________ Time required for division is known as _________________ _____________ varies with bacterium and environmental conditions, many need only ~20 minutes between divisions

Answer 4

Cell division is by BINARY FISSION Every division causes population to double – EXPONENTIAL population GROWTH Time required for division is known as GENERATION TIME Generation time varies with bacterium and environmental conditions, many need only ~20 minutes between divisions

Question 5

Protection: Antibiotics: which affects bacteria how?

Answer 5

Anthrax is treated with antibiotics: e.g. Penicillin Penicillin inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis (so bacteria can’t make cell walls properly

Question 6

Eukaryotic Terms:

Cytosol -

Cytoplasm -

Lumen -

Answer 6

Cytosol - The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm

Cytoplasm - The contents of the cell bounded by the plasma membrane in eukaryotes, the portion exclusive to the nucleus.

Lumen - In eukaryotes, the continuous interior of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 7

Compartmentalization

• Eukaryotic cells are full of ?
• These separate incompatible?
• Membranes differ in the composition of ?

Answer 7

• Eukaryotic cells are full of membrane enclosed compartments.
• These separate incompatible chemical and physical conditions
• Membranes differ in the composition of lipids and enzymes depending on their specific function.

Question 8

Lysosomes fuse with food vesicles

Answer 8

Question 9

The nucleus contains a nuclear envelope(makes a boundary around the nucleus), Nucleolus (ball of yarn), Chromatin (DNA)(inbetween the two).

Answer 9

Question 10

Function of Nuclear pores?

Answer 10

Question 11

Ribosomes how there made/ what there function is?

Answer 11

Question 12

Function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 12

Question 13

Golgi Apparatus? (Steps)

Answer 13

Question 14

Golgi Apparatus? (Process)

Answer 14

THE SECRETORY PATHWAY: A MODEL

1. Secreted proteins enter ER as they are being synthesized by ribosome.
2. Protein exits ER in vesicle. It joins the Golgi.
3. Protein travels through the cisternae of the golgi apparatus.
4. Protein leaves Golgi in a secretory vesicle.
5. Secretory vesicle fuses with cell membrane. Protein is released outside cell.
6. Released into the Plasma membrane