Lecture 2 (Tim Bulters)

Question 1

Why do we need a circular economy?

Answer 1

• output problems (microplastics, plastic soup)
• global warming effects
• scarcity (eg. endangered elements like silver, zinc)
• resource burning: bury resources forever, only positive outcome is energy

Question 2

Dutch Circular Economy

Answer 2

• Economy needs to be 100% circular by 2050
• Design to use less
• Design to use longer
• Using waste as a resource

Question 3

Circular Economy

Answer 3

An economy in which we use the resources we have as efficiently as possible, adding as little new resources and energy as necessary

• > only 9 circular in 2019, less than the previous 2 years
• > very interdisciplinary

Question 4

People-Planet-Profit

Answer 4

Also triple bottom line is a framework with three parts (social, environmental and financial)

Planet + People = bearable
People + Profit = equitable
Profit + Planet = viable

People, Planet, Profit = sustainable

Question 5

Cradle2Cradle

Answer 5

Living/organic products in the biological cycle, non-living/synthetic items in the technical cycle

—> the idea is, that synthetic materials and organic materials should not be mixed too much because it makes reuse difficult

Question 6

Biomimicry

Answer 6

• practice that learns from and mimics the strategies found in nature to solve human design challenges

Question 7

Doughnut Economics

Answer 7

• a social foundation of social well-being that no one should fall below and an ecological ceiling of planetary pressure that we should not go beyond. Between the two lies a safe and just space for all

Kate Raworth

Question 8

Biobased Economy

Answer 8

• the production of renewable biological resources and the conversion of these resources, residues, by-products and side streams into value added products, such as food, feed, biobased products, services and bioenergy

Question 9

Sharing Economy

Answer 9

An economic model defined as peer-to-peer based activity of acquiring, providing, or sharing access to goods and services

Often facilitated by a community-based online platform.

Question 10

Ellen MacArthur Model

Answer 10

Middle: Linear Economy

Right: Technical Cycle

• similar to ladder of Lansik (& Moerman)
• the R’s of CE
• goal is to keep the cycles tight

Left: Biological Cycle
-similar to ladder of Moerman
Cascades: some biological products can be reused and recycled as well
Also bigger process: natural cycle of earth, existed before human started to disturb it

Question 11

Ladder of Moerman

Answer 11

Prevention (highest)

Use for human food

Conversion to human food

Use in animal feed

Raw materials for industry

Processing to make fertilisers for cofermentation

Processing to make fertiliser through composting

Use for sustainable energy

Burning as waste

Dumping (lowest)

Question 12

10 R’s

Answer 12

1. Refuse
2. Redesign
3. Reduce
4. Reuse
5. Repair
6. Refurbish
7. Remanufacture
8. Repurpose
9. Recycle
10. Recover

Question 13

Value Hill

Answer 13

Current version:

Pre-use: value gets added
Use: value gets used
Post-use: value gets destroyed

Circular:

Circular design: add value
Optimal use: used, repaired, maintained as long as possible
Value recovery: retain value