Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PCM II Exam I > Lecture 2: The Abdominal Exam > Flashcards

Lecture 2: The Abdominal Exam Flashcards

1
Q

When asking about meds during PE for abdominal pain which are particularly important to note?

A
  • Blood thinners
  • Meds that need levels checked
  • Meds related to the chief complaint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are important complaint specific aspects of PMH for an abdominal exam?

A

ESLD, Hepatitis, GERD/PUD, Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 landmarks for Inspection of Abdomen?

A

1) Xiphoid process of sternum
2) Costal Margins
3) Umbilicus
4) ASIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is considered normal bowel sounds?

A

5-34 clicks/gurgles per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is considered absent bowel sounds and possible causes?

A
  • None for >2 minutes
  • Long-lasting intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, mesenteric ischemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is considered increased bowel sounds and possible causes?

A
  • None for 1 minute
  • Post-surgical ileus, peritonitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are causes of increased bowel sounds?

A

Diarrhea, early bowel obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do high pitched bowel sounds sound like and suggest what?

A
  • Sound like tinkling (raindrops on metal)
  • Suggest early intestinal obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What may cause the sound of a Bruit in the abdomen?

A

Vascular obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What gives sound of Friction Rub in abdomen and where do we listen for this?

A
  • Inflammation of the peritoneal surface of an organ
  • Listen over liver and spleen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What causes a Venous Hum in the abdomen and where do you listen for this sound?

A
  • Increased collateral circulation between portal and systemic venous systems
  • Listen over epigastric and umbilical regions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do we hear resonance?

A

Hollow abdominal organs (lungs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When would you hear hyper-resonance?

A

Air-filled hollow organs (pneumothorax)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is visceral pain easy to localize and where is it usually felt/palpated best?

A
  • Pain is difficult to localize
  • Usually felt/palpated in the midline at level of structure involved
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is parietal pain easy to localize and what makes it worse?

A
  • Easier to localize
  • Steady, aching pain usually more severe than visceral pain
  • Aggravated by movement or coughing, patients want to lie still
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Example of RUQ visceral pain?

A

Liver distention against its capsule w/ alcoholic hepatitis

17
Q

Example of Periumbilical visceral pain?

A

Acute appendicitis

18
Q

Example of RUQ/epigastric parietal tenderness?

A

Acute cholecystitis

19
Q

Example of Epigastric parietal tenderness?

A

Acute pancreatitis

20
Q

Example of RLQ parietal tenderness?

A

Later finding in acute appendicitis

21
Q

Example of LLQ parietal tenderness?

A

Acute diverticulitis

22
Q

Where is duodenal and pancreatic pain typically referred to?

A

Reffered to the back

23
Q

Where is Biliary tree pain often referred to?

A

The right shoulder

24
Q

Is the spleen normally palpable and which direction does it typically enlarge?

A
  • Normally not palpable, unless enlarged
  • When spleen enlarges, it expands anteriorly, downward, and medially
25
Q

What are pathologies felt in the RUQ?

A
  • Acute cholecystitis
  • Budd-Chiari
  • Basal pneumonia
26
Q

What are pathologies felt in the Epigastric region?

A
  • Acute peptice ulcer
  • Acute pancreatitis
  • Biliary colic
  • MI
27
Q

What are pathologies felt in the LUQ?

A
  • Splenic infarction
  • Basal pneumonia
28
Q

What are pathologies felt in the umbilical region?

A
  • Acute pancreatitis
  • Small bowel obstruction
  • Mesenteric ischemia
29
Q

What are pathologies felt in the Hypogastric/Suprapubic region?

A
  • Acute urinary retention
  • Ruptured ectopic
  • Ruptured ovarian cyst
  • Acute cystitis
30
Q

What would cause the vertical span of the liver to decrease?

A
  • Shrunken liver = cirrhosis
  • Free air under diaphragm/perforated hollow viscus
31
Q

What would an irregular edge/nodules tell you when palpating the liver?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

32
Q

What would an firmness/hardess tell you when palpating the liver?

A

Cirrhosis, hematochromatosis, amyloidosis, lymphoma

33
Q

What is the shifting dullness test for ascites; normal and positive test finding?

A
  • Percuss the borders of tympany and dullness w/ patient supine
  • Then have pt lay on side and percuss borders again
  • Normal = borders stay the same
  • Ascities/positive test = dullness shifts to dependent side and tympany to top side
34
Q

What is the fluid wave test for ascites; normal and positive findings?

A
  • Ask the patient to rest his/her hands on chest
  • Have an assistant place the ulnar aspect of hands midline, then tap one flank sharply w/ finger tips
  • Normal = no impulse felt on the other hand
  • Ascites/positive = impulse transmitted to the other flank
35
Q

What is the test for a ventral hernia?

A
  • When lying supine, ask pt to raise both head and shoulder off the table
  • Postive test = bulge of hernia will usually appear

PCM II Exam I (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions