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Integument for PT > Lecture 2 test 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in the hemostasis phase in normal wound healing?

A

Blood clots formBleeding stopsBlood clot is broken down

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2
Q

How long does the hemostasis phase last in normal wound healing?

A

0-2 minutesshould be in full production by 2 hours

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3
Q

What happens in the inflammatory phase of normal wound healing?

A

VascularExudateReparative

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4
Q

What happens in the vascular stage of the inflammatory process?

A

leakage fluidproteins into woundbrings in allow needed structures to survive

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5
Q

What happens in the Exudate stage of the inflammatory phase?

A

Neutrophils come firstbegin clean upbattle foreign debris and bacteria

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6
Q

What happens in the Reparative stage of the inflammatory process

A

Macrophages come inwound healing begins*****Battle bacteria and dead cellsBegin to lay down new tissue

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7
Q

What happens in the proliferative/epithelialization phase and when does it start?

A

starts around 2 days to 2 weeksGranulationangiogenesis (new blood cells)New ECM (extra cellular matrix) -Fibroblasts, new vessels, and collagenContraction via myofibroblastsEpithelialization

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8
Q

How long does the inflammatory phase last?

A

0-2 days

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9
Q

What happens in the remodeling phase?

A

Type 3 collagen to type 1 collagen Decrease in vascular need=pink, turning to white+3 year process of change

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10
Q

How long does the remodeling phase last?

A

2 year to 2 weeks (toughening the skin)

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11
Q

T/F Any acute injury beyond the epidermis and through the BMZ causes bleeding?

A

TRUE

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12
Q

T/F Overlapping occurs during the different phases of normal wound healing?

A

TRUE

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13
Q

What helps to stop the bleeding of the a wound during the hemostasis phase?

A

Aggregation and activation of platelets

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14
Q

What type of cells release clotting factors?

A

Injured

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15
Q

What does a blood clot consist of?

A

FibrinAggregated plateletsBlood cells

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16
Q

Hemostasis is further achieved by a brief period of _________ to the injured area

A

Vasoconstriction

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the clot?

A

-Seals disrupted vessels to control blood loss-Provides a temporary bacterial barrier-Provides a reservoir of growth factors-Provides an interim matrix that serves as scaffolding for migrating cells

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18
Q

What is the process of breaking down a clot?

A

Fibrinolysis

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19
Q

What happens 10-15 minutes after tissue injury in the inflammatory phase?

A

Vasoconstriction subsidesVasodilation and cell permeability increasesChemoattraction by damaged cells and platelets attract leukocytes to clean up the area

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20
Q

First cells to arrive in the new wound are?

A

Neutrophils—Present within minutes of the injury and dominate the area for 2-3 days

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21
Q

Primary function of neutrophils?

A

Remove bacteria and foreign debris via phagocytosis

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22
Q

After neutrophils arrive to the injured site what cells come in next?

A

Macrophages

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23
Q

What is the role of macrophages?

A

finishing bacteria and breaking down damaged tissue removalDamaged cells are replaced

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24
Q

What is the process that occurs during the proliferative stage?

A

GranulationAngiogenesisWound ContractionEpithelialization

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25
What happens during the granulation phase in proliferative phase?
Fibroblasts and capillary buds develop at the edges of the wound and gradually advance toward the center forming a bed of granulation (from the edges to the middle)
26
When does the granulation phase happen? (how many days out)
3-4 post injury after the inflammatory phase subsides
27
What affects granulation tissue formation?
Perfusion statusO2 levelsNutritional statusGlucose levels
28
What happens in the angiogenesis phase of proliferative?
New extra cellular is formed by collagen fiber deposition and new capillary loops
29
What are the two mechanism angiogenesis occurs by?
Production of new vessels by local endothelial cellsRecruitment of circulating stem progenitor cells (starts new cells spontaneously)
30
T/F Contraction of a wound happens when the force pulls the edges of the wound together so the granulation tissue and the new epithelial cells don't have to travel as far
TRUE
31
T/F the epithelialization and contraction happen at the same time in the proliferative phase?
TRUE
32
What type of cells form around the edges of the wound and migrate inward?
Basal Cells
33
What is contact inhibition?
when epithelial cells moving across a wound bed come in contact with other epithelial cellsCeases migration of epithelial cells across a wound bed
34
New skin is ___% as strong as original tissue
15%
35
As the new skin becomes stronger it is around ___% as strong as the original skin?
80%*Never will be as strong as it was
36
What phase completes the last wound healing process?
Remodeling phase
37
What are the 3 types of wound closure?
-Primary -Secondary-Tertiary
38
What is the type of wound closure that is the result from a severe infection?
Tertiary
39
What type of wound closure is when wound edges are approximated and secured with sutures, stapes, glues?
Primary
40
What type of wound closure results in the smallest scars?
primary
41
What type of wound closure is characterized by prolonged periods of inflammatory and proliferative phases?
Secondary
42
What type of wound closure benefits from skin grafts/flaps, substitutes or other surgical interventions?
Secondary
43
What type of wound closure benefits from negative pressure wound therapy
Tertiary
44
What are the 4 types of exudate?
-Serous-Purulent-Fibrinous -Hemorrhagic
45
What is another name for exudate?
Drainage
46
T/F Purulent exudate is very common in a venous ulcer?
FALSE--Serous exudate
47
What type of exudate is a liquid that is slightly thicker than water and is light yellow?
Serous
48
What type of exudate is a good clinical indicator that there is an infection present?
Purulent
49
What type of exudate can become adherent to the wound bed?
Fibrinous
50
What type of exudate is red, thick drainage?
Hemmoragic
51
What type of exudate has the sign of infection or trauma to the area causing capillaries to break down and bleed spontaneously?
Hemmoragic
52
What type of exudate is reddish, thin, and watery drainage?
Sanguineous
53
What type of exudate occurs with trauma to blood vessels (can occurring during injury or the healing process)?
Sanguineous
54
What type of exudate is clear, pink, thin, and watery drainage?
Serosanguineous
55
What type of combination exudate is normal to see in wound healing ?
Serosanguineous
56
What type of exudate is yellowish and cloudy?
Seropurulent
57
What type of combination exudate is a good sign of wound infection?
Seropurulent
58
What type of exudate is dark red and viscous?
Hemopurulent
59
What type of contains bacteria, inflammatory cells, and tissue that is dead or dying?
Hemopurulent
60
What does partial thickness wound depth include?
Partial loss of dermal tissue that is confined to epidermis and superficial dermis
61
What does full thickness wound depth include?
involves total loss of dermal tissue that may involve deeper tissues (muscles, bone, subcutaneous)
62
T/F In an acute wound it generally moves rapidly and predictably through the healing process?
TRUE
63
What are chronic wounds frequently caused by?
-Vascular compromise-chronic inflammation-repetitive trauma to injured tissue
64
which wound results in less durable closure? (acute/chronic)
chronic
65
What are acute wounds caused by?
trauma or surgery
66
What are 7 factors that influence wound healing?
1. Level/presence of infection2. Size of wound (amount and depth of tissue involved)3. Location4. Type of wound 5. Amount of available blood 6. Co-morbidities 7. Nutrition

Integument for PT (3 decks)

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