Lecture 2 - Terminology Flashcards
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is a balance within the body that underpins normal function of the systems of the human body.
What variables in the body does homeostasis control?
- Temperature
- Ion concentrations
- Blood sugar levels
- Fluid balance
What is the definition of feedback?
When the controlled variable moves too far away from the set point. Feeding back to making sure we have that change back to normal. E.g if your body gets cold and your blood flow is constricted and your blood vessels move further from the surface of the skin which would result in shivering and your muscles moving to produce heat to maintain that temperature - it’s an involuntary response
What is feedforward?
Is about planning ahead or what is going to change. Anticipating an event that will affect the controlled variable. If you look outside and it’s snowing, you would turn up the heating and put a coat on so your body temperature doesn’t get affected.
What are the features of anatomical position?
- Upright
- Face forwards
- Feet forward
- Palms face forwards
- Remains the same regardless of the movement
What is superior and inferior?
Superior = above something (head is superior to the abdomen)
Inferior = below something (abdomen is inferior to the head)
What is medial and lateral?
Medial = closer to the midline of the body (nose is medial to the ears)
Lateral = further away from the midline of the body (ears are lateral to the nose)
What is proximal and distal?
Proximal = describes parts of limbs. Proximal is closer to the main chunk of the body
Distal = further away from the main chunk of the body (elbow joint is distal to the humerus)
What is anterior and posterior?
Anterior = in front of - closer to the front of body (ventral)
Posterior = behind - at the back of the body (dorsal)
What are the terms ventral and dorsal mainly used for?
The nervous system
What is deep and superficial?
Deep = further from the surface (bone is deep to the skin)
Superficial = closer to the surface (skin is superficial to the bone)
What are the three planes in the body?
- Sagittal (front and back position)
- Coronal (side to side)
- Transverse (horizontal cut)
What is flexion and extension?
Flexion = decreases angle
Extension = increases angle
What is dorsiflexion and plantarflexion?
Dorsiflexion = toes brought up towards face
Plantarflexion = toes pointing towards the ground
What is abduction and adduction?
Abduction = moves limbs away from the midline
Adduction = moves limbs closer towards the midline
