Lecture 2- Structure of DNA

Question 1

who discovered the structure of DNA

Answer 1

Watson and Crick

Question 2

what does DNA contain?

Answer 2

genes

Question 3

What are the two roles of genes within the cell

Answer 3

-units of biological information
-units of inheritance

Question 4

monomers of DNA

Answer 4

nucleotides

Question 5

what are the three parts of nucleotides

Answer 5

sugar= 2’ deoxyribose
phosphate groups
base

Question 6

how are phosphates named

Answer 6

according to how close they are to the sugar (alpha, beta and gamma)

Question 7

what are the purine bases in DNA

Answer 7

adenine and guanine

Question 8

what are the two pyrimidine bases in DNA

Answer 8

cytosine and thymine

Question 9

what bond attaches the nitrogenous bases to deoxyribose sugar

Answer 9

beta-N glycosidic bond

Question 10

Chargaff’s rule

Answer 10

total number of purines in a DNA molecule is equal to the total number of pyrimidines

Question 11

what are the names of the four nucleotides

Answer 11

2´-deoxyadenosine 5´-triphosphate dATP A

2´-deoxyguanosine 5´-triphosphate dGTP G

2´-deoxycytidine 5´-triphosphate dCTP C

2´-deoxythymidine 5´-triphosphate dTTP T

Question 12

what property allows DNA to be read properly

Answer 12

DNA is directional

Question 13

what is the direction of DNA?

Answer 13

5’ to 3’

Question 14

what is the double helix made up of in DNA

Answer 14

two polynucleotide strands

Question 15

when was the double helix structure discovered

Answer 15

1953

Question 16

does DNA have a regular or irregular helix

Answer 16

irregular

Question 17

what orientation is DNA

Answer 17

antiparallel (runs in opposite direction)

Question 18

is the major groove of DNA more open or closed

Answer 18

more open

Question 19

is the minor group of DNA more open or enclosed

Answer 19

compacted and enclosed

Question 20

why are grooves important in DNA?

Answer 20

for decoding information

Question 21

how are the two strands of the double helix held together

Answer 21

by complementary base pairing

Question 22

GC content

Answer 22

the amount of G+C nucleotides in an organism’s DNA

Question 23

GC content of human DNA

Answer 23

40.3%

Question 24

GC content of soil bacteria

Answer 24

72.4%

Question 25

GC content of Plasmodium falciparum

Answer 25

19.0%

Question 26

what are the 3 types of DNA

Answer 26

A-DNA
B-DNA
Z-DNA

Question 27

what type of DNA is the most common in organisms

Answer 27

B-DNA

Question 28

which type of DNA has no regular structure

Answer 28

Z-DNA

Question 29

which type of DNA is the most rare

Answer 29

A-DNA

Question 30

which two DNA have a right handed helix

Answer 30

B and A

Question 31

which type of DNA has a left handed helix

Answer 31

Z

Question 32

what is the number of base pairs per turn for the types of DNA

Answer 32

B: 10
A:11
Z:12

Question 33

properties of the major groove of A DNA?

Answer 33

narrow and deep

Question 34

properties of the major groove of B DNA

Answer 34

wide and deep

Question 35

properties of the major groove of Z DNA

Answer 35

flat

Question 36

properties of the minor groove in B DNA

Answer 36

narrow and shallow

Question 37

properties of the minor groove in A DNA

Answer 37

wide and shallow

Question 38

properties of the minor groove in Z DNA

Answer 38

narrow and deep

Question 39

when is A-DNA formed

Answer 39

when there is not enough water around- dehydrating conditions

Question 40

where is Z-DNA naturally found?

Answer 40

with B DNA but only in certain regions

Question 41

What is Z DNA associated with?

Answer 41

some diseases