Lecture 2: Structure and Function of a Neuron

Question 1

Dendrites

Answer 1

Large surface area to be able to connect and receive info from other neurons

Question 2

Soma

Answer 2

Cell body and metabolic centre of cell with partially permeable membrane that has ion channels

Question 3

Axon

Answer 3

Transmits signal to next neuron, organ or muscle and has myelin sheath and nodes of ranvier

Question 4

Structure of animal cell

Answer 4

Nucleus (DNA)
Mitochondria (Provides energy)
Ribosomes (Protein synthesis)
Endoplasmic reticulum (Protein transport)

Question 5

Sensory neurons

Answer 5

Transfers info from senses to CNS

Question 6

Motor neurons

Answer 6

Send impulses to muscles or glands

Question 7

Relay neurons

Answer 7

Connects sensory and motor neurons

Question 8

Afferent neurons

Answer 8

Carries information from PNS to CNS

Question 9

Efferent neurons

Answer 9

Carries information to CNS to PNS

Question 10

Bipolar neuron

Answer 10

Single dendrite at one end and single axon on other

Question 11

Multipolar neuron

Answer 11

Many dendrites and single axon

Question 12

Monopolar neuron

Answer 12

Single branch extending in two directions with soma in middle

Question 13

Astrocytes

Answer 13

Largest glial cell in CNS that supports and protects neurons, wrapping around blood vessels and cell bodies

• Nutrients
• Maintain environment
• Repair brain injuries

Question 14

Microglia

Answer 14

Part of the immune system and protects brain from invading mirco organisms

Question 15

Oligodendrites

Answer 15

Myelinate single axons in CNS

Question 16

Schwann cells

Answer 16

Myelinate single axons in PNS

Question 17

Radial Glia

Answer 17

Guide growth of axons during embryonic development

Question 18

First stage of action potential

Answer 18

Neuron is at resting potential where potential without activation is shown

Inside of cell is more negatively charged than outside (inside is -70mv)