Lecture 2 - Review of Basic Chemistry/Cell Bio/Biochem Flashcards

1
Q

4 properties of water

A
  1. Great solvent
  2. Used as a reactant
  3. High heat capacity
  4. Provides lubrication and surface tension
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2
Q

Why is carbon important

A
  1. Carbon with hydrogen is a component of every organic compound
  2. It provides covalently bonded structural backbones
  3. Can interact with functional groups with different properties
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3
Q

Differentiation

A

The process of cells produced by cell division to specialize for different functions

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4
Q

Cell cycle. What phase do cells spend most of their time in?

A

The balance in a cell between cell division and performing normal physiological functions. It is tightly regulated by genes and other cell biological factors. Most cells spend their time in interphase

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5
Q

What happens if cell cycle regulation is distrupted?

A

Abnormal cell division can occur, leading to tumours that can develop into cancers

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6
Q

Are all tumours cancer?

A

No - once the tumour breaks through the tissue layer, or if it spreads through the blood/lymphatic system, it becomes cancer

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7
Q

Function of the plasma membrane

A

Separates the cytoplasm inside the cell from the chemically distinct extracellular fluid. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable

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8
Q

Free diffusion

A

No protein assistance required

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9
Q

Passive transport

A

Allows substances to move according to their concentration (or electrochemical) gradients

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10
Q

Primary active transport

A

Pumping proteins directly uses ATP

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11
Q

Secondary active transport

A

Uses a gradient of one molecule (which was created using ATP) to move another molecule

Ex. Using Na+ ion to move a glucose molecule with it into the cytoplasm

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12
Q

Vesicular transport

A

Form of active transport that can move large molecules/many molecules at the same time. Very energy intensive

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13
Q

Intercellular fluid (ICF) vs. Extracellular fluid (ECF) ion composition

A

ICF:
Na+: 12
K+: 139
Cl-: 4
Large anions: 140
Ca2+: <0.0002

ECF:
Na+: 145
K+: 4
Cl-: 120
Large anions: 0
Ca2+: 1.8

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14
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water to equalize osmolarity (the amount of molecules/ions dissolved in water) on each side of a barrier. This causes changes in volume

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15
Q

Hypertonic

A

The external solution has a higher solute concentration, causing water to rush out of the cell

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16
Q

Hypotonic

A

The internal solution has a higher solute concentration, causing water to rush into the cell

17
Q

Isotonic

A

The internal and external solute concentration are equal, therefore, osmolarity is equal on both sides