Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Lecture 2: Regional CNS > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Regional CNS Flashcards

1
Q

what are the contents of the cerebral cortex (aka gray matter)?

A

neuron bodies, dendrites, and axon terminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are nuclei?

A

local accumulations of neurons that have a largely similar connection and functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a cortex?

A

a sheet-like array of nerve cell nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a ganglion?

A

structure containing a number of neurons typically linked together with one another with synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

majority of local ____ happens in the cerebral cortex

A

synaptic communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

most gray matter is found on the ____ of the cerebrum and the ____ of the spinal cord

A

outside, inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

majority of ____ happens in the cerebral white matter

A

signal transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the contents of the cerebral white matter?

A

neuron axons and axon bundles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

association fibers

A

connect different regions within the same hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

commissural fibers

A

connect different regions on opposite hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

projection fibers

A

connect the cerebrum to the rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 3 main functions of the cerebrum?

A
  • conscious sensation
  • voluntary motor activity
  • higher brain functions (cognition, memory, language, abstract thought)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what functions are associated with the left hemisphere?

A
  • analytical thought
  • logic and reasoning
  • language centers (in most brains)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what functions are associated with the right hemisphere?

A
  • perceptual integration
  • imagination
  • insight
  • intuition
  • creativity
  • emotional drive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

contents of the anterior fossa of the skull

A

frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

contents of the middle fossa of the skull

A

temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

contents of the posterior fossa of the skull

A

cerebellum and brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the 2 layers of the dura mater?

A
  • periosteal: adheres to skull

- meningeal: goes down into brain tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

falx cerebri

A
  • part of meningeal layer of dura mater

- separates right and left hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A
  • part of meningeal layer of dura mater

- separates occipital lobe from cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the 4 main functions of the dura mater?

A
  • envelop and protect brain
  • limit rotational displacement of the brain
  • regulate generation and migration of neural progenitors
  • regulate proliferation and survival of radial glial cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the arachnoid villi and what is their function?

A
  • projections of arachnoid mater into dura mater

- allow for CSF transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the 3 main functions of the arachnoid mater?

A
  • envelop and protect brain
  • combat shearing of the brain
  • aid in circulation of CSF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the contents of the subarachnoid space?

A
  • delicate CT trabeculae and intercommunicating channels containing CSF
  • superficial branches of cerebral arteries and veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the 4 main functions of the pia mater?

A
  • envelop and protect brain
  • aid in production of CSF
  • serves as a separation b/w neural tissue and blood vessels
  • contributes to degradation of NTs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the normal amount of CSF found in adults?

A
  • 150 cc
  • 20 cc/hr
  • 500 cc/day
27
Q

what are the 4 main functions of CSF?

A
  • support and protect brain and SC
  • pressure maintenance (7-15 mmHg)
  • nutrition
  • waste
28
Q

what is the main function of the ventricles?

A

production and distribution of CSF (via choroid plexus)

29
Q

where are the lateral ventricles found?

A

within the cerebral hemispheres

30
Q

where is the third ventricle found?

A

within the thalamus and hypothalamus

31
Q

where is the fourth ventricle found?

A

within the pons, medulla, and cerebellum

32
Q

what are the circumventricular organs?

A
  • pituitary gland
  • pineal gland
  • portion of the hypothalamus
33
Q

what is significant about circumventricular organs?

A
  • they allow communication b/w nervous system and CV system regarding Na and H2O balance, CV regulation, energy metabolism, immunomodulation, and important noxious stimuli
  • their blood vessels are not protected by the BBB
34
Q

describe the location of the frontal lobe

A
  • rostral to central sulcus

- medial to sylvian fissure

35
Q

prefrontal cortex

A
  • most rostral part of the frontal lobe

- responsible for higher executive functions (emotional regulation, planning, reasoning, attention, problem solving)

36
Q

frontal eye fields

A
  • coordination of eye movements

- conjugate gaze

37
Q

Broca’s Area

A
  • found on frontal lobe, in dominant hemisphere (usually left)
  • supplemental speech area
  • coordination of motor speech
38
Q

describe the location of the parietal lobe

A
  • caudal to central sulcus
  • rostral to parieto-occipital sulcus
  • medial to sylvian fissure
39
Q

what is significant about the inferior parietal lobule?

A
  • multimodal association area
  • visual and auditory processing and integration
  • lies at junction of occipital, temporal, and parietal lobes
40
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A
  • found on parietal and temporal lobes, in dominant hemisphere (usually left)
  • supplemental speech area
  • speech comprehension
41
Q

describe the location of the temporal lobe

A

lateral to sylvian fissure

42
Q

what is found on the superior temporal gyrus?

A

primary auditory center and auditory association cortex

43
Q

what is found on the middle temporal gyrus?

A

visual processing regions

44
Q

what is found on the inferior temporal gyrus?

A
  • memory

- also found on the parahippocampal gyrus and uncus

45
Q

describe the location of the occipital lobe

A

caudal to the parieto-occipital sulcus

46
Q

what two things on the occipital lobe does the calcarine fissure separate?

A

central and peripheral visual fields

47
Q

what is significant about the occipital pole?

A
  • receives bilateral vascularization

- this allows macular vision to be preserved when the occipital lobe is damaged

48
Q

what structures are connected by the anterior commissure? (RAM)

A
  • R and L olfactory bulbs
  • amygdaloid nuclei
  • medial and inferior temporal lobes
49
Q

what structures are connected by the posterior commissure?

A

R and L occipital lobes

50
Q

contents of the limbic cortex

“My great uncle Frank has a temper and gets hyper when he sees Amy the hippo”

A
  • parahippocampal, medial orbitofrontal, and cingulate gyri
  • uncus
  • fornix
  • temporal poles
  • hypothalamus
  • amygdala
  • hippocampus
51
Q

5 main functions of the limbic cortex (HOMED)

A
  • homeostasis
  • olfaction
  • memory
  • emotions
  • drive
52
Q

the thalamus is the relay station for ____

A

-sensory inputs (also refines motor outputs)

53
Q

role of the hypothalamus as an autonomic system structure

A

regulates body temp, water balance, metabolism, emotional behavior, eating/drinking, circadian rhythm, etc.

54
Q

role of the hypothalamus as a limbic structure

A
  • emotions

- endocrine (attached to pituitary gland)

55
Q

3 main functions of the epithalamus

A
  • houses the pineal gland
  • emotional response to smell (habenular nuclei)
  • forms roof of 3rd ventricle and contains its choroid plexus
56
Q

basal ganglia functions

A
  • movement initiation, execution, and refinement
  • proper timing and grading of movement
  • also play roles in cognitive and emotional functions
57
Q

cerebellum functions

A
  • movement coordination
  • posture and balance
  • motor learning and control
  • muscle tone
58
Q

brainstem

A
  • connection b/w brain and SC
  • midbrain, pons, medulla
  • contains pathways b/w brain, SC, and cerebellum
  • houses critical nuclei essential for survival and effective cognitive and motor functioning
59
Q

prosencephalon (forebrain) subdivisions

A
  • telencephalon

- diencephalon

60
Q

telencephalon contents

A
  • cerebral hemispheres
  • cerebral cortex
  • subcortical white matter
  • basal ganglia
  • basal forebrain nuclei
61
Q

mesencephalon (midbrain) contents

A
  • cerebral peduncles
  • midbrain tectum
  • midbrain tegmentum
62
Q

rhombencephalon (hindbrain) subdivisions

A
  • metencephalon

- myelencephalon

63
Q

metencephalon contents

A

pons and cerebellum

64
Q

myelencephalon contents

A

medulla

Neuro (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions