Lecture 2+ Reading Flashcards
What is adult-directed learning?
Activity meets the goal of the adult
What is child-directed learning?
Activity meets the goal of a child
What is adult-initiated?
Ideas come from adult
What is child-initiated?
Ideas come from child
What are open-ended materials?
-Multiple uses
-Creative activities
What are close-ended materials?
-One use
-Specific goal
What are examples of open-ended materials?
-Blocks
-Playdough
-Sand
What is anti-bias?
-Challenging stereotypes
-Promoting equality
-Respecting diversity
How would you create an anti-bias environment?
-Create environments that encourage security/participation
-Celebrate diversity
-Be inclusive
Why is it important to incorporate constructivism?
-New learning linked to what is already known
-disequilibrium
-each person’s knowledge is uniquely developed
What is constructivism?
-Kids construct knowledge, not just absorb it
- Creating knowledge through mental and physical interactions w/ their environment
Example of constructivism
-Kids draw pics to express their ideas, feelings, learning about shapes and colors as they create
How can you, as the educator, create a constructivist setting?
-Creative Questioning/Commenting Ideas
-Product vs. Process
What is Convergent thinking?
-One correct answer/ way of solving a problem
What is Divergent thinking?
-Many possible answers/ ways of problem solving
What is Product vs Process?
-The process promotes thinking/problem solving w/out specifically identified outcomes
-Not an expectation for kids to produce something specific
-Avoids activities w/ “right” and “wrong” outcomes
(child-led)
Is product or process more important?
Product
-It emphasizes learning, exploration, and skill development
-Critical thinking
What is Pedagogy?
-Science/ study of children
-Understanding and supporting learning
List the 4 pedadgogical approaches
-Builds positive relations
-Environments w/ exploration
-Engage w/ families
-Pedagogical docs to study
What is Piaget’s views/ theory?
Cognitive Constructivism
- Views children as active explorers who build knowledge through experience
What is Vygotsky’s views/theory?
Sociocultural Constructivism
-Emphasizes the role of culture, language, and social interactions in knowledge construction
What are the 3 experience types according to Piaget?
Physical, logical, social
Explain the physical experience type (Piaget)
Direct interaction with objects
Explain the logical experience type (Piaget)
Understanding derived from manipulating objects
Explain the social experience type (Piaget)
Through interactions with peers and adults
What is zone of proximal development?
Gap btw what children can do independently + what they can achieve w/ guidance
Define the ‘culture system approach’
Constructivism is seen as a classroom culture involving beliefs/ practices, not just set of techniques
-Planning is flexible and responsive to student’s needs
-Diverse eval method, emphasize process over product
What do children and educators do to co-construct learning?
Educator: document, support children, determine next steps for learning
Child: predict, explore, learn
Together: think, write, problem solve
What is constructivism?
Focuses on student’s deep & elaborate understanding (start w/ children rather than things)
What is scaffolding?
Teachers slowly remove guidance as students learn + become more competent
What are the two major theories related to constructivist pedagogy in the classroom?
Cognitive constructivism and sociocultural constructivism
Which theorists are associated with the origin of sociocultural constructivism?
Lev Vygotsky + John Dewey
Which theorists is linked w/ the origin of cognitive constructivism?
Jean Piaget
