Lecture 2+ Reading

Question 1

What is adult-directed learning?

Answer 1

Activity meets the goal of the adult

Question 2

What is child-directed learning?

Answer 2

Activity meets the goal of a child

Question 3

What is adult-initiated?

Answer 3

Ideas come from adult

Question 4

What is child-initiated?

Answer 4

Ideas come from child

Question 5

What are open-ended materials?

Answer 5

-Multiple uses
-Creative activities

Question 6

What are close-ended materials?

Answer 6

-One use
-Specific goal

Question 7

What are examples of open-ended materials?

Answer 7

-Blocks
-Playdough
-Sand

Question 8

What is anti-bias?

Answer 8

-Challenging stereotypes
-Promoting equality
-Respecting diversity

Question 9

How would you create an anti-bias environment?

Answer 9

-Create environments that encourage security/participation
-Celebrate diversity
-Be inclusive

Question 10

Why is it important to incorporate constructivism?

Answer 10

-New learning linked to what is already known
-disequilibrium
-each person’s knowledge is uniquely developed

Question 11

What is constructivism?

Answer 11

-Kids construct knowledge, not just absorb it
- Creating knowledge through mental and physical interactions w/ their environment

Question 12

Example of constructivism

Answer 12

-Kids draw pics to express their ideas, feelings, learning about shapes and colors as they create

Question 13

How can you, as the educator, create a constructivist setting?

Answer 13

-Creative Questioning/Commenting Ideas
-Product vs. Process

Question 14

What is Convergent thinking?

Answer 14

-One correct answer/ way of solving a problem

Question 15

What is Divergent thinking?

Answer 15

-Many possible answers/ ways of problem solving

Question 16

What is Product vs Process?

Answer 16

-The process promotes thinking/problem solving w/out specifically identified outcomes
-Not an expectation for kids to produce something specific
-Avoids activities w/ “right” and “wrong” outcomes
(child-led)

Question 17

Is product or process more important?

Answer 17

Product
-It emphasizes learning, exploration, and skill development
-Critical thinking

Question 18

What is Pedagogy?

Answer 18

-Science/ study of children
-Understanding and supporting learning

Question 19

List the 4 pedadgogical approaches

Answer 19

-Builds positive relations

-Environments w/ exploration

-Engage w/ families

-Pedagogical docs to study

Question 20

What is Piaget’s views/ theory?

Answer 20

Cognitive Constructivism
- Views children as active explorers who build knowledge through experience

Question 21

What is Vygotsky’s views/theory?

Answer 21

Sociocultural Constructivism
-Emphasizes the role of culture, language, and social interactions in knowledge construction

Question 22

What are the 3 experience types according to Piaget?

Answer 22

Physical, logical, social

Question 23

Explain the physical experience type (Piaget)

Answer 23

Direct interaction with objects

Question 24

Explain the logical experience type (Piaget)

Answer 24

Understanding derived from manipulating objects

Question 25

Explain the social experience type (Piaget)

Answer 25

Through interactions with peers and adults

Question 26

What is zone of proximal development?

Answer 26

Gap btw what children can do independently + what they can achieve w/ guidance

Question 27

Define the ‘culture system approach’

Answer 27

Constructivism is seen as a classroom culture involving beliefs/ practices, not just set of techniques

-Planning is flexible and responsive to student’s needs
-Diverse eval method, emphasize process over product

Question 28

What do children and educators do to co-construct learning?

Answer 28

Educator: document, support children, determine next steps for learning

Child: predict, explore, learn

Together: think, write, problem solve

Question 29

What is constructivism?

Answer 29

Focuses on student’s deep & elaborate understanding (start w/ children rather than things)

Question 30

What is scaffolding?

Answer 30

Teachers slowly remove guidance as students learn + become more competent

Question 31

What are the two major theories related to constructivist pedagogy in the classroom?

Answer 31

Cognitive constructivism and sociocultural constructivism

Question 32

Which theorists are associated with the origin of sociocultural constructivism?

Answer 32

Lev Vygotsky + John Dewey

Question 33

Which theorists is linked w/ the origin of cognitive constructivism?

Answer 33

Jean Piaget