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pharmacology > lecture 2- protein synthesis inhibitors > Flashcards

lecture 2- protein synthesis inhibitors Flashcards

1
Q

mechanism of action for protein synthesis inhibitors

A

block protein synthesis from occurring –> inhibit bacteria from propagating
-Bacteriastatic

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2
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors

A 
macrolides
clindamycin
choramphenicol
streptogrammins
amminoglycosides
tetracyclines
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3
Q

what do macrolides cover (light stop sign)

A

gram pos, gram neg, not anaerobes

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4
Q

can protein synthesis inhibitors inhibit human ribosomes too?

A

only if its high enough trough there is cross selectivity

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5
Q

what group of abx covers atypical bacteria like legionella sp, mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydophilia pneumonia, chlamydia trachomatis

A

macrolides

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6
Q

whats a good treatment for mycobacterium avium complex and what is MAC?

A

macrolides treat it

– opportunistic infxn like HIV can aquire this infxn

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7
Q

what does h pylori and NSAIDs cause and how can it be treated

A

peptic ulcers; treated by macrolides

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8
Q

what stimulates motolin receptors and what does it cause

A

macrolides; causing stomach cramps, motility aka diarrhea

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9
Q

adverse effects of macrolides how?

A

cramps, diarrhea, n/v, bc of motolin receptors in GI tract

  • transient hearing loss
  • renal insufficiency
  • qt prolongation
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10
Q

treatment for QT prolongation/torsades

A

magnesium sulfate

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11
Q

how can torsades be caused

A

with mutltiple medications given like macrolides or history of qt prolong

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12
Q

what do macrolides inhibit?

A

CYP3A4

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13
Q

How does macrolides have an effect on other drugs that increase their levels?

A

cyp3a4 inhibition— drugs are metobalozied through here so levels of drugs increase bc enzyme is being inhibited

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14
Q

which ACE is stronger in affecting cyp3a4

A

ECA

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15
Q

main coverage for tetracycline

A

broad spectrum

  • atypicals
  • animal born illnesses (Yersinia Pestists plague)
  • MRSA
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16
Q

what is tetracycline given to treat

A

acne* and atypical pneumonia

17
Q

what medication can you not take with a glass of milk and why

A

tetracycline because it chelates with cations

18
Q

what medication causes discoloration in teeth

A

tetracycline probably because it binds to the calcium

19
Q

which medication side effect is photosensitivity

A

tetracycline, use sunscreen

20
Q

what should be monitored for tetracycline

A

renal adjustment

21
Q

what is a medication that can be given to a critically ill patients with resistant bacteria such as E.coli, Entercocci, or MRSA and is bacteriostatic

A

glycylcycline- tigecycline

22
Q

what is a cousin to tetracycline and used more for critically ill pts

A

glycylcycline- tigecycline TYGA

23
Q

what does aminoglycosides cover against

A

(gram neg) pseudomonas and has enterococcal synergy

24
Q

aminoglycosides are ___ dependent killers. Monitor ____ index to make sure they are not ___ to develop toxicity.
Compare to vancomycin

A

vanco is time dependent and have to therapeutic drug monitor too but to make sure it’s efficacious enough >MIC levels

25
Q

aminoglycosides like gentamicin causes toxicity where

A

ototoxicity and renal

26
Q

oxazolinodine –> linezolid (zyvox) is like vancomycin except

A

both cover MRSA MDR

27
Q

what is serotonin syndrome and where do you see it

A

taking medications such as linezolid (zyvox)

block the metabolism of serotonin so increase in levels

28
Q

tyramine foods like lobster can cause

A

precursor to serotonin syndrome

29
Q

what drug depolarizes causing inhibition of DNA RNA and protein synthesis (bacteriacidal)

A

daptomycin

30
Q

which drug is covers VRE but does not cover pneumonias

A

Daptomycin

31
Q

pt with VRSE pneumonia treatment

  • daptomycin
  • vancomycin
  • linezolid (zyvox)
  • gentamicin
A

linezolid

  • not dapto bc it cant cover pneumonia
  • not vanco bc VR is vanco resistant
  • not genta bc thats gram neg only covering against pseudomonas
32
Q

what drugs inhibit the bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II and IV)

A

FQ

33
Q

FQ and macrolides are similar in that they both can cause

A

QT prolongation

34
Q

tetracycline and FQ are similar in that they both

A

have food interactions like with iron and calcium inhibiting absorption of drug

35
Q

what medication can put 14 yo pt at risk for tendonitits/achilles rupture

A

FQ

36
Q

what medication is the worst culprit when it comes to causing C. diff or diarrhea and what does can it lead to?

A

Clindamycin which can further lead to pseudonomembraneous colitis

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