Lecture 2 - PRENATAL GROWTH AND FUNCTONAL DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
What are the 3 stages of prenatal growth
PERIOD OF THE EGG
PERIOD OF THE EMBRYO
PERIOD OF THE FETUS
a. Period of the egg includes the which weeks of gestation?
b. Characterized by what?
a. Includes the first two weeks after fertilization.
b. Characterized by rapid cell division in a specific sequence
What is the sequence of cell division during the period of the egg
morula -> blastocyst -> implantation into uterine wall -> differentiation of distinct cellular layers
a. PERIOD OF THE EMBRYO includes which weeks of gestation?
b. what is it characterized by?
a. weeks 2 through 8
b. Characterized by rapid growth and differentiation of stem cells into specific cells types.
Organization of cell types into tissues and (eventually) organs, happens in which stages?
Embryo
By the end of the _______ period all basic anatomic and physiologic features are established.
embryonic
a. PERIOD OF THE FETUS takes place during which weeks of gestation?
b. How many weeks is normal gestation? What are normal variants of this period?
c. What is period characterized by?
a. Comprises remainder of pregnancy from weeks 9 through 40.
b. 40 weeks of gestation is considered full-term but varies from 38 to 42 weeks commonly
c. rapid growth, changes in proportions, and the functional development of tissues, organs and systems.
What are some common fetal motor active observed?
Spontaneous motor activity
Spontaneous motor activity in the fetal stage insures what? And what are they a precursor for?
a. Spontaneous motor activity is a part of the normal development of muscles and joints
b. Fetal motor behaviors can also be viewed as precursors to subsequent postnatal movement behaviors.
True or false. Primary reflexes, muscle tone, reactivity, motility, and sensorimotor behavior are not specific for each gestational age?
False. They are specific to gestational age
Full term infants with a birth weight at the ___ percentile have a relative risk of mortality that is 2.5 times greater than children born with birth weights at the median.
10th
An infant with a weight of less than _____ is classified as low birth weight.
2,500 gm. (5lbs 8 oz.)
Define: “pre-term” and “small-for-date”.
Pre-term: Born more than 6 weeks pre term: are characterized by physiological immaturity
Small for date: Born at term but lower than 5lbs and 8oz
Low birthweight has significance for postnatal growth: increased likelihood of ______during childhood and at maturity and possible deficiencies in_______ and ______.
shorter status
neuromuscular coordination
power
Spontaneous abortions are _______ (common/ uncommon) and caused by a wide variety of factors: most commonly ______________________
quite common
gametes that are faulty or incompatible
About _______% of all clinically recognized pregnancies end in a miscarriage (loss prior to Week____)
10-25%
week 20
The most common cause of a spontaneous abortion is ____________, about ____%.
chromosomal abnormalities; about 50%
Congenital malformations simply indicates _______ present at _____.
an abnormal condition
Present at birth
True or false. Causal factors of Congenital malformations can be both genetic and environmental. )
True. It does not indicate what it is or why it happened
Which period of development is most at risk by a genetic malformation?
The period of the embryo is most critical with respect to genetic malformations.
The alteration of the crucial timing and sequence of the development of tissues, organs and systems can cause serious abnormalities during this period.
Meternal exercise during pregnancy is ok and recommend so long as it doesn’t do what?
Impede upon the energy requirements of the fetus and doesn’t involve direct contact or isn’t high impact
Moderate physical activity, particularly during the first/last _______months has no negative effect on fetal development.
first 6-7 months
